Stem cell 3d printer

3D bioprinting using stem cells

Review

. 2018 Jan;83(1-2):223-231.

doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.252. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Chin Siang Ong¹, Pooja Yesantharao¹, Chen Yu Huang², Gunnar Mattson¹, Joseph Boktor¹, Takuma Fukunishi¹, Huaitao Zhang¹, Narutoshi Hibino¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
² Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

PMID: 28985202
DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.252

Review

Chin Siang Ong et al. Pediatr Res. 2018 Jan.

. 2018 Jan;83(1-2):223-231.

doi: 10.1038/pr.2017.252. Epub 2017 Nov 1.

Authors

Chin Siang Ong¹, Pooja Yesantharao¹, Chen Yu Huang², Gunnar Mattson¹, Joseph Boktor¹, Takuma Fukunishi¹, Huaitao Zhang¹, Narutoshi Hibino¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.
² Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.

PMID: 28985202
DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.252

Abstract

Recent advances have allowed for three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies to be applied to biocompatible materials, cells and supporting components, creating a field of 3D bioprinting that holds great promise for artificial organ printing and regenerative medicine. At the same time, stem cells, such as human induced pluripotent stem cells, have driven a paradigm shift in tissue regeneration and the modeling of human disease, and represent an unlimited cell source for tissue regeneration and the study of human disease. The ability to reprogram patient-specific cells holds the promise of an enhanced understanding of disease mechanisms and phenotypic variability. 3D bioprinting has been successfully performed using multiple stem cell types of different lineages and potency. The type of 3D bioprinting employed ranged from microextrusion bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, laser-assisted bioprinting, to newer technologies such as scaffold-free spheroid-based bioprinting. This review discusses the current advances, applications, limitations and future of 3D bioprinting using stem cells, by organ systems.

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References

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Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

3D Bioprinting of Living Tissues

Progress in drug testing and regenerative medicine could greatly benefit from laboratory-engineered human tissues built of a variety of cell types with precise 3D architecture. But production of greater than millimeter sized human tissues has been limited by a lack of methods for building tissues with embedded life-sustaining vascular networks.

Play

In this video, the Wyss Institute and Harvard SEAS team uses a customizable 3D bioprinting method to build a thick vascularized tissue structure comprising human stem cells, collective matrix, and blood vessel endothelial cells. Their work sets the stage for advancement of tissue replacement and tissue engineering techniques. Credit: Lewis Lab, Wyss Institute at Harvard University

Multidisciplinary research at the Wyss Institute has led to the development of a multi-material 3D bioprinting method that generates vascularized tissues composed of living human cells that are nearly ten-fold thicker than previously engineered tissues and that can sustain their architecture and function for upwards of six weeks. The method uses a customizable, printed silicone mold to house and plumb the printed tissue on a chip. Inside this mold, a grid of larger vascular channels containing living endothelial cells in silicone ink is printed, into which a self-supporting ink containing living mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is layered in a separate print job. After printing, a liquid composed of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix is used to fill open regions within the construct, adding a connective tissue component that cross-links and further stabilizes the entire structure.

Confocal microscopy image showing a cross-section of a 3D-printed, 1-centimeter-thick vascularized tissue construct showing stem cell differentiation towards development of bone cells, following one month of active perfusion of fluids, nutrients, and cell growth factors. The structure was fabricated using a novel 3D bioprinting strategy invented by Jennifer Lewis and her team at the Wyss Institute and Harvard SEAS. Credit: Lewis Lab, Wyss Institute at Harvard University

The resulting soft tissue structure can be immediately perfused with nutrients as well as growth and differentiation factors via a single inlet and outlet on opposite ends of the chip that connect to the vascular channel to ensure survival and maturation of the cells. In a proof-of-principle study, one centimeter thick bioprinted tissue constructs containing human bone marrow MSCs surrounded by connective tissue and supported by an artificial endothelium-lined vasculature, allowed the circulation of bone growth factors and, subsequently, the induction of bone development.

This innovative bioprinting approach can be modified to create various vascularized 3D tissues for regenerative medicine and drug testing endeavors. The Wyss team is also investigating the use of 3D bioprinting to fabricate new versions of the Institute’s organs on chips devices, which makes their manufacturing process more automated and enables development of increasingly complex microphysiological devices. This effort has resulted in the first entirely 3D-printed organ on a chip – a heart on a chip – with integrated soft strain sensors.

1/7 Cross section of long-term perfusion of HUVEC-lined (red) vascular network supporting HNDFladen (green) matrix.
2/7 Top-down view of long-term perfusion of HUVEC-lined (red) vascular network supporting HNDFladen (green) matrix.
3/7 Photograph cross section of printed tissue construct housed within a perfusion chamber.
4/7 Photograph cross section of printed tissue construct housed within a perfusion chamber.
5/7 Photograph of a printed tissue construct housed within a perfusion chamber.
6/7 Photograph of vasculature network and cell inks.
7/7 Photograph of 3D printed vasculature network (red) within Red is the

3D printing of heart muscle cells / Sudo Null IT News

Heart cells under a microscope.

The dream of 3D printing heart tissue is one step closer, thanks to the development of scientists from the Heart Research Institute (HRI), Sydney, Australia.

Article by Sophie Scott from abc.net.au translated for you by Top 3D Shop .

Key points:

Scientists hope artificial tissues can replace those damaged by heart attacks; nine0020
Cells behave like real ones, they beat and move;
Researchers hope the technology will be available to patients within the next five years.

Scientists are using a new bioprinter to print cells they say could replace a patient's damaged heart cells.

“The process will go something like this: when a patient enters the clinic, a tissue sample is taken from him, namely the skin, from which we extract cells. Based on them, stem cells are first generated, and from them - heart cells,"
says Dr. Carmine Gentile.

Living stem cells are printed on a base that will be "glued" directly onto the areas of the patient's heart damaged during an attack.

Heart Research Institute's cells contract together - "beat" like a real heart.

Pictured: heart cells grown from a tissue sample from a guinea pig.

“They act like a real heart. We were able to make this amazing discovery in our laboratory,"
said Dr. Gentile.

The success of the project could radically change the way doctors treat people with heart attacks. Now patients after a heart attack are treated with angioplasty - to expand blocked or narrowed coronary arteries, a metal mesh balloon is inserted into them, which prevents the artery from sticking together and allows blood to circulate. Doctors also use reperfusion therapy - they prescribe drugs that destroy clots that block arteries. But this treatment is not suitable for all patients, says cardiologist Gemma Figtree of the Colling Institute. nine0005

3D printer of the Heart Research Institute.

“We don't know how to replace a healed muscle or what to use for heart regeneration. Currently, this is only one of the methods for studying the cardiovascular system, and this is only the first potential solution” ,
- she said.

A bioprinter developed in Australia could be a lifesaver for these patients. Associate Professor Figtry believes that eventually the heart can be repaired. nine0005

“By replacing dead heart muscle with an effective patch, we can reduce heart failure, which will reduce shortness of breath and improve the quality of life for patients. ”

According to statistics, there are 350,000 heart attack survivors in Australia.
Despite improvements in cardiovascular disease prevention, heart attacks kill 24 people every day in Australia.

Artificial drug testing organ

Cardiology experts believe the 3D-printed heart could be used to individually test drug compatibility with specific patients whose cells are sampled. nine0005

Dr. Gentil says that side effects of drugs can be tested on an artificial organ:
“This is an amazing finding, we will be able to identify side effects that can occur in humans in a very short time” .

The researchers hope that the innovative therapy will become available to patients within the next five years.

What do you think of this? Share your opinion in the comments.

Proposed method for 3D printing of organs from stem cells

06 February 2013, 16:25 Science

100%

A team of researchers from Scotland have used a new 3D printing technique for the first time to spatially organize human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). So they hope to develop a method for creating organs that is universal for different tissues.

Printed health

With the help of 3D printers it is already possible to print a spoon or even a robot, and in a few years 3D printing...

November 12 16:22

With the help of 3D printing, it is already possible to produce not only technological parts, but also, for example, elements of prostheses necessary for use in orthopedics or dentistry. So, in early 2012, an 83-year-old woman from the Netherlands, instead of a jaw destroyed by cancer, was implanted with a titanium jaw, printed entirely on a 3D printer. Gazeta.Ru also talked about the American girl Emma, whose exoskeleton elements were printed by using a printer. This summer, an article appeared in which researchers proposed a technique printing of the liver , which allows cells to grow on a framework of sugar tubes.

Scottish scientists have taken another step towards creating full-fledged organs using 3D printing.

They have developed a universal technique for 3D printing tissues using stem cells, which can then be reprogrammed into any desired cells in organs and tissues.

Their work, published in the journal Biofabrication , gives hope that full printing of organs and other biological structures will soon become possible. nine0005

Building the moon with domes from the printer

Building a base for a man on the moon can be greatly facilitated if you use lunar soil for it, but ...

02 February 13:44

3D bioprinter is a biological variation of reprap technology, a device that can create organs and tissues by layering cells on top of each other. The first serial bioprinter was created in December 2009 by the American company Organovo and the Australian company Invetech. In contrast to the classical method of growing organs, bioprinting does not require a scaffold on which cells are “settled”, which is an indisputable advantage, since the scaffold can become the initiator of inflammation of the created organ or tissue. nine0005

The bioprinter uses two types of "ink" - cells of various types and auxiliary materials (collagen, growth factors, supporting hydrogel), designed to strengthen the created structure until natural bonds form between cells.

Previously, for bioprinting, it was necessary to first grow cultures of cells from which an organ would be created. The cell culture was cut into small balls - spheroids. Spheroids from several separately grown cultures were artificially "planted" side by side. The advantage of the new method is that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that can develop into any tissue are used for “printing”. nine0005

Printer assembly robot

Robots can be assembled not on conveyors, but printed as text or a picture on special printers...

04 April 16:53

One of the authors of the study, Dr. Will Wenmiao Shu of Heriot-Watt University, says: “To our knowledge, this is the first time that human embryonic stem cells have been printed. The generation of 3D structures from ESCs will allow us to create more accurate models of human tissues, which is important in the development of drugs in vitro and the study of their toxicity. Since most medicines are targeted at humans, it makes sense to use human tissues.” nine0005

In the future, this new bioprinting method can be used to create artificial organs and tissues ready for transplantation in patients with various diseases.

In the study, scientists at Heriot-Watt University, in collaboration with Roslin Cellab, used a flap printing technique adapted for delicate stem cell work. ESCs were loaded into two separate tanks and then applied to the plate according to a pre-prepared pattern. After printing the ESC, a number of tests were carried out in order to understand how effective the new method is. For example, the researchers tested whether ESCs remained alive after being printed and whether they retained the ability to differentiate into different cell types. They also determined the concentration, damage, and other characteristics of the "printed" cells to assess the accuracy of the valve method. nine0005

“When using the valve method, stem cell printing is controlled by pneumatic pressure and controlled by the opening and closing of a micro-valve. The number of cells used can be precisely controlled by changing the nozzle diameter, air inlet pressure, or valve opening time,” says Dr. Shu.

“We have found that the valve printing method is soft enough to maintain high stem cell viability and precise enough to produce uniform sized spheroids. And most importantly, the printed ESCs retain the ability to pluripotency - the ability to differentiate into any other cell types,” he said. nine0005

In the field of regenerative medicine, ESCs receive a lot of attention. They are obtained from embryos in the early stages of development to produce "stem cell lines" capable of constantly growing and differentiating into any type of human cell. Jason King, Business Development Manager at Roslin Cellab, comments: “This scientific development we hope and believe will have important implications for reliable animal-free drug testing and, in the long term, organ creation and on-demand transplantation.” without the need for donation and without the problems associated with immune suppression and possible rejection. ” nine0005

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