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G code file download for 3d printer
Gcode best 3D printer models・Cults
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Wednesday Title Logo Made in blender
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F**k COVID SHIELD MMP V11 by Bruno Horta gcode for ender3 1:33
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Extended bed levelling code for FlashForge Creator Pro
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▷ free gcode 3d print files 【 STLFinder 】
3D Benchy Test Gcode files for MK3/MK3S/Mk3S+
prusaprinters
Sliced with Prusaslicer 2.5 using new Arachne system for quick testing of your filament or printer, Gcode files are in 0.4mm nozzle version and 0.6mm nozzle version.
3D Print Your Own Miniature Model of A 3D Printer Using These GCODE Files Includes Detailed Drawings Package & Step-By-Step Pictures
thingiverse
This is an open source project More Detailed Description Based on my Cura software, the time it will take to print all the files will be around: 14h : 26min Based on my actual Full size 3D Printer this model as seen in the pictures, I measured it.
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GCode Print Simulator
cults3d
If the print object looks ok you can directly send it over Wifi to GCodePrintr (Android) to print it.GCodePrintr - 3D Printing for ANDROID availableAllows real 3D printing from an Android...
GCode Print Simulator
thingiverse
If the print object looks ok you can directly send it over Wifi to GCodePrintr (Android) to print it.GCodePrintr - 3D Printing for ANDROID availableAllows real 3D printing from an Android...
3D Printed BugBots - STL Files Free 3D print model
cgtrader
For more Bashbots visit >>> https://sellfy.
com/3DPrintItPlease note : This is only a digital download (STL file) used on a 3-D printer, not a physical item.***Disclaimer â 3D Print It will not be liable for personal injury resulting from negligent...
Pendant Sri Yantra 3D Model Files Free 3D print model
cgtrader
High quality jewelry models for your renderings or printing One of various jewelry models made to the highest standard, ready for production and use in your projects Thanks for the reviews
mystic Aztec Pendant 3d Model Files Free 3D print model
cgtrader
High quality jewelry models for your renderings or printing One of various jewelry models made to the highest standard, ready for production and use in your projects Thanks for the reviews
engagement rings jewellery 3dm files free download 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market.
Ring file include engagement ring, men ring, pearl ring, couple ring, wedding band, jewelry band, solitaire ring, eternity ring, halo ring, lady ring,...
Free Hydroponics System - All 3Dponics source files - 3D-prin... Free 3D print model
cgtrader
3Dponics is a free 3D-Printable Hydroponics System Please support our Kickstarter campaign - kickstarter.com/projects/3dprintler/3dponics-community-for-crowdsourced-3d-printed-hyd For less than just one penny a day, you can: grow your own fresh,...
F450 type quadcopter "mass production" .gcode files
thingiverse
**In `instructions.
txt` you'll find what order to print things in for specific outcomes.** Beware, these zip files themselves are big - their uncompressed contents will be big, too. `villamany's_files.zip` is just a zip of all the STLs and other...
temp calibration tower (Anycubic Vyper gcode files!)
thingiverse
change on the display if necessary **code - files** The gcode file is only for the Anycubic Vyper! Use at your own risk! Die gcode-Datei ist nur für den Anycubic Vyper bestimmt! Benutzung auf eigene Gefahr! ... **Cura profile** ...
Retraction / Flow test with Cura & gcode files
thingiverse
There are also 2 example gcode files I've added: - One is 0.
1 to 2.0mm retraction, the other is 2.1 to 4.0mm retraction. - They take 25 minutes to print, and use 2g/0.69m of PLA. I print the towers in parallel with the motion of the bed, just in...
Temperature Tower Version 2 GCODE Files
thingiverse
If you don't want to mess around with OpenSCAD, Slic3r and Python - here are the GCODE files I created. Nozzle diameter 0.4 Filament 1.75 PLA: 190 - 220 degree celsius, 5 degree steps, 60 degree heated bed TPU+: 185 - 215 degree celsius, 5...
Raimi spider man faceshell lenses 3D print files Free 3D print model
thingiverse
Fan made models for raimi spiderman cosplay.
...almost movie accurate.
STL format. print ready. ...
Commercial use not allow.
3D files to print a posable Skeleton for crochet Characters Free 3D print model
cgtrader
Contains files to print all parts of a posable skeleton. It is to be assembled using screws and nuts. I will also sell a PDF with instructions in my store UnaOlaEnElMar in etsy. It is meant to fill a crocheted Character, like you see in the...
Boardmaker 3d Print Files
thingiverse
... of Tobii Dynavox LLC. ... All rights reserved.
Used with permission.” *These files were designed using symbols from Boardmaker and are being posted using Tobii Dynavox's Maker Free License. These files are not to be shared without permission. ...
Mandalorian Bust - Tested and Ready for 3D printing - STL files Free 3D print model
thingiverse
Star Wars 3D models are proud to present the Mandalorian Bust. ...This model captures the bounty hunter in all his glory. Mandalorian Bust 1/4 Scale STL tested and ready for 3D printing. ... The Mandalorian bust is available with and without helmet.
GCODE Temperature Tower 2g 39 minutes print
cults3d
V5 GCODE included Temperature Tower 2g 39 minutes print
Sprinkler Tripod Adapter Bundle With 3D Printer Source Files Free 3D print model
cgtrader
I will include other file formats soon.
If you would like to print all the files this is the cheapest way to do it, saving you 20% off purchasing them individually (for source files or direct printing). The bundle also gives you the source files so...
GCODE Temperature Tower 2g 39 minutes print
thingiverse
ADDED a GCODE that should work for most of the printers print at .2 layer height .4 layer width
Ender 3 Bed Leveling GCode + Test Print
thingiverse
2020-10-05: This is a remix of CHEP's bed leveling GCode and test print for the Ender 3/Ender 3 Pro running the 8-bit board. Modifications to GCode: - Increased movement speed during X-Y motion - Added parking sequence which moves the nozzle away.
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Retraction test - premade Gcode ready to print
thingiverse
File is Gcode already and ready to be printed with any cartesian printer with minimum misures of 15x15x15 cm. Test is a oozing tower with 30 different process, the mix of 210 to 190 temp, with 2, 4 or 6 mm retraction distance and 35 to 55 mm/s...
Gold key shape pendant free 3dm jewelry files 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market. Pendant file include pendants, Chokers Charm Necklaces, Crystal Necklaces, Monogram & Name Necklaces, Beaded Necklaces, Chains, Bib Necklaces, Tassel.
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Rose gold flower shape pendant free 3dm jewelry files 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market. Pendant file include pendants, Chokers Charm Necklaces, Crystal Necklaces, Monogram & Name Necklaces, Beaded Necklaces, Chains, Bib Necklaces, Tassel...
Classic baguette cut engagement rings free 3dm jewelry files 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market.
Ring file include engagement ring, men ring, pearl ring, couple ring, wedding band, jewelry band, solitaire ring, eternity ring, halo ring, lady ring,...
Classic baguette cut engagement rings free 3dm jewelry files 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market. Ring file include engagement ring, men ring, pearl ring, couple ring, wedding band, jewelry band, solitaire ring, eternity ring, halo ring, lady ring,...
Wedding band engagement rings jewellery 3dm files free download 3D print model
cgtrader
We provide professional jewelry 3d file 3dm, STL, JCD format, suit to US, Europe, and Asia market.
Ring file include engagement ring, men ring, pearl ring, couple ring, wedding band, jewelry band, solitaire ring, eternity ring, halo ring, lady ring,...
jewellery 3dm files free download blake lively engagement ring 3D print model
cgtrader
Engagement ring 3d jewelry design 3dm file for printing, professional jewelry designer work, help you increase your business. We are providing cad files of...... RINGS Engagement Rings Couple Bands Casual Bands Cocktail Bridal Set Mangalsutra Rings...
jewellery 3dm files free download 6 prong engagement ring 3D print model
cgtrader
Engagement ring 3d jewelry design 3dm file for printing, professional jewelry designer work, help you increase your business.
We are providing cad files of...... RINGS Engagement Rings Couple Bands Casual Bands Cocktail Bridal Set Mangalsutra Rings...
Mutiny V2 3D Print Files
thingiverse
Gank MultiRotors Mutiny V2 3D print files. More coming as I get more time to work on them. ... Free to Print for yourself and Friends No Commercial use Authorized
G-CODE in Russian for 3D printing (Mini-guide)
Often, for high-quality printing, and especially when selecting print parameters, it is necessary to be able to read and edit the G-code during calibration.
A commonplace example: setting your own values for the "Temperature Tower" or creating start and end blocks of codes in slicers for a specific printer.
On some sites (like reprap.org/wiki/G-code) on the Russian-language pages, the commands are only partially described in Russian, and the rest in English.
On some domestic sites, the commands are translated into Russian, but some are given with errors - stupidly copy-paste a clumsy translation.
Tired of searching through different sites, trying to find the CORRECT description of a particular command and its parameters.
I made myself such a mini-reference book. I'll be glad if anyone else finds it useful.
I tried to describe the maximum number of commands used, except for very specific ones.
(Yes, special commands for deltas, for example, sorry, I consider them specific and not necessary for me)
However, most commands are supported by all printers and firmware.
Attention! Compliance of commands and parameters is checked only for Marlin firmware.
G-commands
G0(G1) Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn Fnnn – movement.
G0 - fast idle
G1 - linear working travel
Xnnn, Ynnn, Znnn – coordinates.
Еnnn - amount of extruded material in mm (with negative values - retract).
Fnnn – travel speed in mm/min (this speed will be used until the next change).
G0 X12 (will move 12mm in X)
G0 F1500 (Set travel speed to 1500 mm/min.)
G1 X90.6 Y13.8 E22.4 (Move 90.6mm in X and 13.8mm in Y while extruding 22.4mm of material.)
G4 .
Pnnn - Timeout, in milliseconds
Snnn - Timeout in seconds.
"G4 S2" and "G4 P2000" - equivalent to
G10 - Plastic rollback (Retract)
Filament rollback according to M207 settings.
G11 - Plastic feed
Feed / reposition the head according to M208 settings.
G20 - Inch unit setting
G21 - Setting the units in millimeters
From now on, the reading will be in inches/millimeters.
G28 - Move to start ("home") until limit switches actuate
G28 – home on all axes.
G28 X Z - Move home only in X and Z axes
G29 - Create table curvature mesh (MESH_BED_LEVELING)
The command allows you to create a compensation (Z-height) grid and use it later when printing. The grid can be used repeatedly even after the printer is turned off.
After using the G28 command, the mesh created by the G29 command flies off.
It is necessary to save the rhinestone mesh after it has been created! To recall the grid from memory, use the M420 command.
Be sure to use G28 before using G29, otherwise the mesh will be incorrect.
Creating Mesh Bed Leveling manually (via commands):
1. Enter G29 S0 to start meshing.
2. Enter G29 S1 to set the first grid point.
3. Align the nozzle with paper (as usual).
4. Enter G29 S2 to save the value and jump to a new point
5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 until the creation procedure is completed.
6. Enter M500 to write the resulting mesh to EEPROM.
Creating Mesh Bed Leveling using the printer menu (the function must be active in the firmware):
1. Select Prepare followed by Auto home (aka G28 command).
2. Select Prepare and then Level Bed.
3. Wait for on-screen instructions to begin. Press the "twist" on the screen when the inscription "Click to Begin" appears. The head will go to the first grid point.
4. Use the thumbwheel to raise or lower the nozzle to align the nozzle with the paper. Same as when leveling the table. After you have achieved the desired gap between the nozzle and the piece of paper, press the "twist". The head will move to a new grid point.
5. Repeat step 4 until the program has passed all points.
6. When finished, enter the Control menu and select the Store memory item to save the created mesh to EEPROM.
To use the grid stored in EEPROM when printing, use the command
M420 S1 (See M420).
G90 - Setting absolute coordinates
All coordinates are absolute relative to the machine origin.
G91 - Set relative coordinates
All coordinates from now on become relative to the last position. Marlin translates all axes into relative coordinates, including the extruder.
G92 Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn - Set position
This command can be used without any additional parameters.
G92 - reset all axis coordinates to zero.
Xnnn - new X coordinate
Ynnn - new Y coordinate
Znnn - new Z coordinate
Ennn - new extruder position
Example: G92 X10 E90
M-commands
M17 - Enable/Enable all stepper motors
M18 - Remove current from motors
Motors can be turned by hand. Command analog M84
M20 - List of files on SD card
M21 - SD card initialization
If the SD card is loaded when the printer is turned on, this will happen by default.
The SD card must be initialized for other SD card functions to work.
M22 - Release SD card
The specified SD card will be released. On future (random) read attempts, a guaranteed error occurs. Useful before removing the SD card.
M23 - Select file on SD card
Example: M23 filename.gco
M24 - Start/continue printing from SD card
The printer will print from the file selected with the M23 command.
M25 - SD card print pause
M28 - Start writing to SD card
Example: M28 filename.gco.
A file is created on the SD card, designated as filename.gco (if the file exists, it is overwritten) and all subsequent commands to the printer are written to this file.
M29 - Stop writing to SD card
Example: M29 filename.gco
The file opened by the M28 command is closed and all subsequent commands are executed by the printer in normal mode.
M30 - Delete file from SD card
Example: M30 filename.gco. filename.gco will be deleted.
M32 - Select file and start printing from SD card
Example: M32 filename.gco.
Used for SD card printing and works the same as M23 and M24
M80 - Enable ATX Power Supply
Puts the ATX power supply into sleep mode. Does not work on electronics without sleep mode.
M81 - Turn off the ATX power supply
M82 - Set the extruder to absolute mode
M83 - Set extruder to relative mode
Allows extruder to be extruder in absolute/relative units
M84 SNNN X, Y, Z, E - transfer motors to the waiting mode of
SNNN - time per seconds.
If a timeout is specified with Snnn, this command simply sets the stepper motor inactivity timeout.
If no motors (X,Y,Z or E) are specified, this command immediately disables all.
If one or more axes are specified, this command disables the specified ones immediately. For example, "M84 S10" will put stepper motors into standby mode after 10 seconds of inactivity.
M92 Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn - Set the number of steps per axis per unit
Ennn - steps per unit for extruder
Examples: M92 X87.489 Y87.489 Z87.489 or M92 E420
Allows you to set the number of steps per unit (usually mm) for motors. These values are replaced with the values from the firmware at power up unless written to the EEPROM see M500.
M104 Snnn - Set extruder temperature and DO NOT wait
Snnn - Set temperature
Example: M104 S190
Sets the temperature of the active extruder 190C and immediately returns control (that is, DOES NOT WAIT for the extruder to reach the set temperature).
See also M109
M105 - Get Extruder Temperature
Gets the temperature of the active extruder and hot bed in degrees Celsius. The temperature is transmitted to the connected computer. The response sent to the computer might look like this: ok T:201 B:117
M106 Snnn - Turn on the fan blowing part
SNNN - fan rotation of fan from 0 to 255 (127 - 50% speed)
m107 - turn off the fan
m108 - cancel the heating 9000 9000 temperature set by M109 and M190, continues printing.
M109 Snnn - Set extruder temperature and wait
Sets the temperature in Celsius and waits for it to be reached. See also M104
M110 Nnnn - Set current line number
Nnnn - Line number
Example: M110 N123
In this example, the number of the current line 123 is set.
Thus, it is expected that the next line after this command will be 124.
M112 - Emergency Stop
m114 - receipt of current positions 9
M115 - Get a firmware version
m119 - get the status of ends
m140 - set the temperature of the table and DO NOT wait
Example: M140 S65
Sets the table temperature to 65C and immediately returns control (ie DOES NOT WAIT for the table to reach the set temperature). See also M190
M190 - Set table temperature and wait
Sets the temperature in Celsius and WAITS to reach it. see M140
M200 Dnnn Tnnn - Set the REAL diameter of the filament rod.
Dnnn – diameter in mm.
Tnnn – extruder number. (can be omitted for single extruder printers)
Example: M200 D1.65
Used to calculate the actual extruded volume.
See M404 for rating setting.
M201 Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn - Setting of the maximum accelerations (in mm/s in sq.)
for axes.
Ennn - accelerations in mm/s in sq. for the extruder.
Only one/two of the parameters can be used.
Example: M201 X1000 Y1000 Z100 E2000
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM
M202 - Setting the maximum acceleration for simple (idle) movement.
!Not used in Marlin! V mm/s in sq. Example: M202 X1000 Y1000
M203 Xnnn Ynnn Znnn Ennn - Setting the maximum speed (in mm/s)
Xnnn, Ynnn, Znnn - max speed for axes
Ennn - max extruder speed.
Only one/two of the parameters can be used.
Example: M203 X6000 Y6000 Z300 E10000
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
M204 Pnnn Rnnn Tnnn - Acceleration setting (in mm/sec.
in sq.)
Pnnn - Printing acceleration
Rnnn – Retract Acceleration
Tnnn - Accelerations during idle movements
Only one/two of the parameters can be used.
Example: M204 P800 T3000 R9000
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
M205 Xnnn, Znnn, Ennn - Setting the maximum jerk (jerk) (mm / s)
Xnnn - jerk along the X and Y axes. (Jerks are the same along these axes)
Znnn - jerk along the Z axis.
Ennn - extruder jerk.
Only one/two of the parameters can be used.
Example: M205 X30 Z5 - Set jerk X/Y = 30, Z jerk = 5.
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
М206 Xnnn, Ynnn, Znnn - Set offsets relative to limit switches (zero)
Similar to G92 command, but these offsets can be written to EEPROM see M500.
Example: M206 X10.0 Y10.0 Z-0.4
M207 Snnn Fnnn Znnn - Set retract parameters (bar retraction)
Snnn - positive retract value in mm.
Fnnn – feedrate mm/sec.
Znnn - lift (lift) of the head along the Z axis in mm during retract. (Helps avoid hitting the model)
Example: M207 S4.0 F2400 Z0.075
Used subsequently for G10 and G11 commands.
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
M208 Snnn Fnnn – Bar feed recovery parameters after retract
Snnn – positive feed value in mm.
Fnnn – feedrate mm/sec.
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
M209 Snnn – On/off automatic retraction
Snnn – value 1 – on, 0 – off
Used if the slicer does not support the G10 and G11 commands.
Each extrusion command will be classified as a retract, depending on the value (positive or negative).
M218 Tnnn Xnnn Ynnn – head offset setting
Tnnn - head number
Xnnn, Ynnn – X,Y coordinates.
Example: M218 T0 X50 Y10.
5
M301 Hnnn Pnnn Innn Dnnn — Write hotend PID parameters(!)
Hnnn – extruder number. h2 - the first exruder (hotend).
Pnnn - Proportional gain (Kp)
Innn - Integral factor (Ki)
Dnnn - Derivative coefficient (Kd)
Example: M301 h2 P1 I2 D3
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
See M304 for writing table PID.
M302 Snnn - Allow extrusion at Snnn and above.
Snnn - Set temperature
Example: M302 S170 – enable extrusion (turn on the extruder motor) at a nozzle temperature of 170C and above. M302 S0 - extrude at any temperature.
M303 Ennn Snnn Cnnn - Start PID calibration process for table/hotend
Ennn - E0 hotend, E1 table.
Snnn is the calibration temperature.
Cnnn – number of calibration cycles. More cycles - more precise parameters.
Example M303 E1 C8 S110 – table PID calibration at 110C for 8 cycles.
The PID parameters will be displayed as a string on the terminal screen of a program running in connection with the printer, such as Repetier-Host.
M304 Pnnn Innn Dnnn - Write table PID parameters(!)
Pnnn - Coefficient proportional (Kp)
Innn - Integral factor (Ki)
Dnnn - Derivative coefficient (Kd)
Example: M301 h2 P1 I2 D3
M301 - without parameters will display the current parameters.
Use M500 to store parameters in EEPROM.
For writing extruder PID see M301.
М404 Wnnn - Setting the nominal filament thickness 1.75 or 3.
Wnnn - nominal (theoretical) filament thickness in mm.
Example: M404 W1.75
M404 - without parameters, will display the current nominal value as a string.
This value is used to determine the percentage difference in the automatic rate adjustment in response to the measured filament width and must match the value used for the filament width in slicer settings.
Set actual filament thickness, see M200.
М420 Snnn – Enable/disable the use of the table curvature compensation grid (MESH_BED_LEVELING)
Snnn – S1 on, S0 off.
M420 S1 – use the table curvature compensation grid loaded from EEPROM when printing.
See G29 to get the current status and create a table curvature compensation grid.
M500 - Save data to EEPROM
M501 - Reading data from EEPROM
M600 - Command for automatic filament change
3D Printing G-code Basics: List and Guide
3DPrintStory 3D printing process G-code Basics for 3D Printing: List and Guide
G-code is a programming language for numerical control (CNC).
In other words, it is the language that the computer that controls the car speaks, and it transmits all the commands necessary for movement and other actions.
Although G-code is a standard language for various desktop and industrial equipment, it can be very familiar with a 3D printer. You may not have figured this out yet, and that's okay, since 3D slicers generate G-code "automatically".
However, if you want to get a deeper understanding of 3D printing, it's important to learn the basics of G-code. This knowledge will allow you to better diagnose and control 3D printing processes, as well as configure 3D printer firmware such as RepRap or Marlin.
In this article, we'll cover the basics of G-code, including how to read, understand, and write commands, even if you're new to programming!
What is a G-code?
For those unfamiliar with programming in general, you can think of G-code as successive lines of instructions, each telling the 3D printer to perform a specific task.
These lines are called commands, and the printer executes them one after the other until it reaches the end of the code.
Although the term "G-code" is used to refer to a programming language in general, it is also one of two types of commands used in 3D printing: "basic" and "auxiliary" commands.
The main command lines are responsible for the types of motion in the 3D printer. Such commands are denoted by the letter "G". In addition to controlling the three positive axes performed by the printhead, they are also responsible for the extrusion of the filament.
On the other hand, different commands make the machine perform non-geometric tasks. In 3D printing, such tasks include nozzle and bed heating commands, as well as fan control, and so on. Auxiliary commands are denoted by the letter "M".
G-code syntax
Each line of G-code commands has a specific syntax. Each line corresponds to only one command, which can lead to very long codes.
The first argument of any string is the command code itself. As you have seen, this can be a code like "G" or "M" followed by a number identifying the command. For example, "G0" corresponds to a linear movement command.
Next are the parameters that define the command more precisely. For example, for a G0 linear motion command, you can add an end position and a travel speed, also indicated in capital letters. Each command has its own set of options, which we will discuss below.
G-code comments
When you read the G-code of a command, you will see semicolons after letters and numbers that explain what the code does. Here is an example of a line with a comment to the code:
G1 X25 Y5; I'm commenting out the code!
Programmers often need to include plain language explanations so that other programmers can understand certain lines or sections of code. It can also happen that you forget why you wrote something in a certain way, making it hard for you to figure it out again.
Code comments are used to solve this problem. Comments include everything (on the same line) after the semicolon and are completely ignored by the machine when executing G-code. As such, they are solely for the eyes of programmers.
Important 3D Printing Commands
Although there are literally hundreds of G-code commands, in the next few sections we'll cover the most basic and important ones. Once you get comfortable, you can learn other commands on your own.
G0 and G1: linear movement
The G0 and G1 commands execute linear movements. By convention, G0 is used for non-extrusion motions such as initial and idle motions, while G1 covers all linear motions with material extrusion.
Both commands work the same, however. The parameters for G0 or G1 include the end positions for all X, Y, and Z axes, the degree of extrusion performed during the move, and the speed determined by the feed rate in given units.
Example
G1 X90 Y50 Z0.
5 F3000 E1 tells the 3D printer to move in a straight line (G1) to end coordinates X = 90mm, Y = 50mm, Z = 0.5mm at a feedrate (F) of 3000mm / min. and extrusion (E) 1 mm of material in the extruder.
Most linear moves are within the same layer, which means that the Z coordinate is usually not specified on the command line.
G90 and G91: absolute and relative positioning
The G90 and G91 commands tell the machine how to interpret the coordinates used for movement. G90 sets "absolute positioning", which is normally the default, while G91 sets "relative positioning".
Neither command requires any parameters, and setting one automatically overrides the other. Positioning works quite simply, so let's get straight to the point.
Example
Let's say we want to move the print head X = 30 in a line. In absolute positioning mode it would look like this:
G90; sets absolute positioning G0X30; moves to X = 30
This simple move will tell the printer to move the printhead so that it is positioned at X = 30.
Now, to move the relative position, we need to know where the printhead is currently located. Suppose it's X = 10:
G90; sets relative positioning G0X20; moves +20mm in the X direction
G91 first tells the 3D printer to interpret the coordinates relative to the current position (X = 10). Knowing this, it is enough just to move 20 mm in the positive direction of the X axis, thus reaching X = 30, as we would like.
G28 and G29: automatic zeroing and table calibration
Homing is the process of moving up to physical limits for all axes of motion. The G28 command will accomplish this task by moving the print head until the limit switches on all axes are engaged.
Moving "to zero" is important not only to orient the device, but also to prevent the printhead from running out of bounds. The G28 command is usually executed before every start of 3D printing.
A specific axis can be individually homed by including X, Y or Z as parameters. Otherwise, only G28 will provide movement to zero in all axes.
Example
G28 X Y; only X and Y axes G28; to zero on all axes
Another command, G29, starts the automatic table calibration sequence. There are many different methods for leveling a table before 3D printing. Usually this operation is provided by the firmware and not by the end users. For this reason, we will not go into details regarding the methods and parameters of commands. Just be aware that G29 is usually sent after automatic homing (G28). As a result, automatic table calibration should be performed, which is determined by the firmware.
G29; execute automatic bed leveling sequence
M104, M109, M140 and M190: temperature setting
These are important commands, which again are not motion related.
To start, the M104 command sets the target temperature that the hot end must reach and holds it until otherwise specified.
Some of the parameters include actual temperature value (S) and print head (T) for heating.
Example
M104 S210; set target temperature for hot end to 210 degrees
This command line tells the 3D printer to heat the hot end to 210°C.
Alternatively, if we want to wait until this target is reached before moving on to the next line, we can use the M109 command.
M109 S210; set the hot end target temperature to 210 degrees and do nothing until it is reached
Setting the table temperature is very similar, but instead set using the M140 and M190 commands:
M140 S110; set target table temperature to 110 degrees M190S110; set the target bed temperature to 110 degrees and do nothing until it is reached
M106 and M107: Fan control
Another important command for 3D printers, the M106 and M107 commands provide fan control.
M106 turns on the fan and sets its speed. This is especially useful for the part cooling fan, as during the 3D printing process, different speeds are required during the printing of the first layer and the web.
The speed parameter must be between 0 and 255. A value of 255 provides 100% power, and any number in this range will indicate the appropriate percentage.
Example
M106; turn on the fan at maximum (100%) speed M106 S128; turn on the fan and set it to 50% power
Multiple variable speed fans can be identified using the index (P) parameters since each fan is assigned an index by the firmware.
Finally, the M107 command will turn off the specified fan. If the index parameter is not specified, the partial cooling fan is usually disabled.
Program structure
Now we have a good opportunity to look at the actual code snippet that is used for 3D printing. As we will see later, G-code programs can be divided into three distinct sections.
It is worth noting that if you use a text editor to open a G-code file created with a 3D slicer, it may not immediately start with G- or M-commands. For example, a slicer like Cura or Simplify3D runs the code, including some of the print process parameters defined earlier in the comments. These lines do not affect the print, but instead are a quick guide to parameters such as layer height.
Stage 1: Initialization
The first section of any program includes the preparatory tasks necessary to start printing a 3D model. Below are the first six lines of G-code initialization commands from the actual 3D print job.
G90 M82 M140 S80 M104 S200 G28 G29
As we now know, the first line tells the move to use absolute positioning, and the second line tells the extruder to also interpret the extrusion in absolute units.
The third and fourth lines start heating the bed and the nozzle to the set temperatures. Note that it will not wait for the target temperature to be reached, meaning the printer will automatically reset and level the table when heated.
Some initialization routines (such as the one used by the PrusaSlicer) include a nozzle cleaning process or printing a single straight line before moving on to the 3D printing process.
Stage 2: 3D printing
This is where the magic begins. If you look at the layered G-code file, you realize that it's really impossible to understand what a nozzle actually does.
3D printing is a layer-by-layer process, so you'll find that this step involves a lot of movement in the XY plane when printing a single layer. Once this is done, one tiny movement in the Z direction will define the beginning of the next layer.
Here is an example of what G-code commands might look like in 3D printing:
G1 X103.505 Y153.291 E4.5648; movement and extrusion in the XY plane G1 X103.291 Y153.505 E4.5804; movement and extrusion in the XY plane G1 Z0.600 F3000; change layer G1 X104.025 Y154.025 F9000; movement in the XY plane G1 X95.975 Y154.025 E0.4133 F1397; moving and extruding in the XY plane
Step 3: Reloading the 3D Printer
Finally, when the 3D print is complete, some last lines of the G-code commands reset the printer to its default state.
For example, the nozzle may move to a predetermined position, the hot end and table heaters are turned off, and the motors are turned off.
M107; turn off the fan G1Z10; move the nozzle away from the print M104S0; turn off hot end heating M140S0; turn off bed heating M84; turn off the motors
Data input and output via the terminal
So far we have only talked about the fact that the computer sends G-code commands to the 3D printer (usually transmitted via an SD card).
However, this is not the only way to communicate.
Some 3D printer control software, such as Pronterface and OctoPrint, allows you to interact directly with the 3D printer, in which case you can enter commands manually.
For obvious reasons, it would be impractical to print anything by sending code lines individually. But sometimes this method of communication is required for other purposes, such as obtaining valuable information for calibration or when the 3D printer does not have a display.
For example, an M105 "report temperatures" command will retrieve the current nozzle and bed temperatures (which can then be displayed by something like OctoPrint).
This link is also very useful for viewing and changing EEPROM settings that are hardcoded at the firmware level. Parameters such as motor steps / mm, maximum feedrate or PID controller can be visualized with M503 ("report settings"), changed manually and then saved with M500 ("save settings").
Writing G-code
By now you should be able to read and understand G-code much better.
We recommend looking towards the following options to deepen your knowledge:
- online G-code visualization is a great tool to test your skills as you can write G-code commands and simulate them accordingly. It's actually a lot of fun!
- looking at exported G-code files from slicers should also give you some idea of how G-code works for 3D printing.
- You can use the information from the official Marlin website as a command reference.
Compatible
We hope that with your understanding of the G-code commands, you will become a more advanced 3D printer user. Although G-code is not the most complex computer language, it still requires practice and learning.
Before we wrap up this article, it might be worth talking a little about G-code compatibility.
There are many types of 3D printing firmware, and each can have a different "variant" of G-code. This can lead to serious compatibility issues, as commands that work on one machine may not work on another.
