Diy structured light 3d scanner

Contents of the article:

• The principle of operation of shooting in volumetric mode
• What is photogrammetry and how it affects the display of objects
• Turntable - the second stage of creating a scanner
0 Additional software
• Spinscan by Tony Buzer: the foundation of all scanners
• FabScan
• VirtuCube
• BQ - laser scanning system
• "Atlas" - a completed project that needs some work
• CowTech Ciclop: a new model of a multifunctional device
• So what is the difference between the CowTech version and BQ DIY
• Turntables and tables for creating scanners
• Microsoft Kinect 3D scanner 9007 Before you build a scanner

If you want to make your own 3D scanner, the first step is to find a webcam. If you have it, the cost of the entire project will cost 40-50 dollars. Desktop 3D scanning has made great strides in recent years, but it still has major limitations. The hardware of the technique is built on the basis of a certain volume and resolution of scanning. You can get good results only if your subject meets the requirements and shooting resolution.

How 3D shooting works

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Photogrammetry uses a set of conventional 2D photographs taken from all sides around an object. If a point on an object can be seen on at least three images, its location can be triangulated and measured in three dimensions. By identifying and calculating the location of thousands or even millions of points, the software can create an extremely accurate reproduction.

Unlike a hardware scanner, this process has no size or resolution restrictions. If you can photograph an object, you can scan it:

• The limiting factor in photogrammetry is the quality of the photographs and therefore the skill of the photographer.
• Photographs must be clearly visible and clearly in focus.
• They must also be placed around the object so that every part of them is covered.

Without a 3D scanner, you can only make a 3D image of large objects. Small items cannot be scanned. To understand this in more detail, we will analyze the concept of photogrammetry.

What is photogrammetry and how does it affect the display of objects?

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Photogrammetry is the science of taking measurements from photographs, especially to reconstruct the exact position of points on a surface. It can also be used to reconstruct the motion paths of designated reference points on any moving object, its components, and in close proximity to the environment.

In short, it gives you the ability to create a 3D grid from multiple photos by comparing similarities between images and triangulating them in 3D space.

Photogrammetry has been around for a while, but it wasn't until Autodesk jumped into its Memento beta program that things started to work. Memento was renamed to ReMake when it left the beta phase. Sounds like magic, right? Well, it's not magic, it's reality. Now anyone can do 3D scanning without spending hundreds on a scanner. Even affordable open source 3D scanners require quite a lot of knowledge to get them to work properly. With photogrammetry anyone can get what they want.

Turntable - the second step of creating a scanner

All you need to create your own 3D scanner is your smartphone, the included headphones and a player. Here's how it works: you turn the crank, and for every full turn of the turntable, the phone's camera is triggered by the headphone volume 50 times.

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Simple! Transfer photos to your computer and then use Autodesk ReMake to do wonders. It's amazing, but not only is it good at meshing, it also provides tools to tweak the mesh, repair holes, align, prepare for 3D printing, or serve as a system shape as a 3D resource for games or renders!

Well, given that Apple has removed the headphone jack for the iPhone 7 and above, an updated version of the scanner creation will be used. It is based on the principle of working on a trigger for a Bluetooth camera. This will replace the need for a headphone jack.

• High quality photogrammetric scanning requires high quality photographs of the subject from all angles.
• The easiest approach for scanning small things is to rotate the object while taking the photo.
• To do this, the scanner uses a stepper motor controlled by the Arduino board.
• The stepper rotates the object by a fixed amount, and then the infrared LED goes out in a freaking ingenious series of flashes that mimic the camera's wireless remote control.

An LCD screen with a set of buttons allows the user to control the Arduino. Using the buttons, the user can select the number of shots to be taken per revolution. A high quality DIY 3D scanner can work in automatic mode, where it takes a picture, advances the stepper motor and repeats it until it completes a full revolution.

There is also a manual mode in which each press of the button takes a picture, moves the jog dial and waits. This is useful for scanning details. The 3D scanner focuses on the frame around the image.

Optional software

When the photogrammetry software detects a feature in a photo, it tries to find that feature in other images and records the location on all pictures that appear.

There are two solutions:

• One is to move the camera around the subject so that the background stays in sync with the movement. This is good for large objects, but it's much more difficult to automate the process.
• An easier solution is to leave the background untouched. This is easier to do for small objects. Add the right lighting to that and you're on your way to featureless backgrounds.

Another tip is to overexpose your images with a stop or two. This allows you to capture more detail in the subject's shadow while separating the background so that any remaining background objects disappear into brilliant white.

• "Arduino". It has pins that are not covered by the LCD screen, making it easy to connect.
• SainSmart 1602 LCD Shield which has a display and some buttons to control the scanner.
• Stepper motor driver (Easy Driver).

The NEMA 17 stepper motor will rotate the scan object. With a large stepper motor (with appropriate driver and power supply), this high quality DIY 3D scanner could scale up the scan. 950 nm IR LED triggers the camera. Some popular models of handheld 3D scanners are based on this principle. You can repeat the building process with your own hands. We offer several options to choose from.

Spinscan by Tony Buzer: the basis of all scanners

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In 2011, 3D printing genius Tony Buzer released Spinscan. This is a homemade open source 3D scanner based on a laser and a digital camera. Later, MakerBot used the ideas from Spinscan to create the closed source Digitizer Scanner.

FabScan

FabScan started as a graduation project and has since been adopted by a small community that continues to work on improving its capabilities. The FabScan works like many other laser scanners, but it's aided by a built-in housing that helps even out light levels, preventing scan distortion.

VirtuCube

An alternative method for laser scanners is the structured light scanner. Using a pico projector instead of a laser, the VirtuCube can be easily created with a few printed parts and basic electronics. This whole system can be placed in a carton box to prevent other light sources from causing printing errors.

Two exciting new open source laser scanners have already been released: The BQ Cyclop and Murobo Atlas.

BQ - laser scanning system

Spanish consumer electronics company BQ announced the Cyclop 3D scanner at CES. Cyclop uses two laser line levels, a standard USB webcam, and BQ's custom Arduino controller. BQ has written his own scanning application called Horus. While reports say the Cyclop isn't available yet, BQ says it will be later this year.

"Atlas" - a project in progress, requiring further development

Murobo's 3D scanner with a description of how it works is currently seeking funds on Kickstarter. Like Spinscan, Digitizer and Cyclop, Atlas uses laser line modules and a webcam to scan an object on a rotating platform. Atlas replaces the Arduino Raspberry Pi to integrate control and capture into a device. Like Cyclop, the creator of Atlas promises it will be an open source project. Sets for 129dollars sold out, but some remained at $149 and $209.

In 2019, the company aims to launch a smartphone-based 3D scanner that not only displays background visibility but also constructs focus when capturing an image. In America, DIY novelties are amazing. If you don't know how to make a 3D scanner, use the unfinished version of Atlas. There is a fairly clear functionality, and developers only need to flash the device and ensure the operation of those functions that they want to see as a result.

CowTech Ciclop: new multifunctional

Price goes up to $160 (depending on whether you print 3D parts or not). The company is based in the USA. The resolution of the finished images reaches 0.5 mm. Maximum scanning volume: 200 × 200 × 205 mm. BQ formed the basis of a DIY 3D scanner kit for a 3D printer. With your own hands, you can modify the version of the model to create images in four-dimensional space.

CowTech Engineering leveraged BQ-led funds to give unique value to the updated model. Opportunities added:

• environmental review,
• background capture,
• inverted style lens display.

True to the open source movement, Cowtech launched a Kickstarter campaign to raise money to launch a production version of the original, Ciclop CowTech. The team set a lofty goal of raising $10,000 but was greeted with surprise and delight when the community was able to raise $183,000. The CowTech Ciclop DIY 3D scanner kit from a camera and phone was born.

So what's the difference between the CowTech version and the BQ DIY version?

CowTech Ciclop still uses Horus 3D software as it is a fantastic store for 3D object scanning. The differences, however, lie in a slightly different design, which the team spent several days developing so that the parts can be 3D printed on any FDM 3D printer.

The same blanks can be used to design your own devices. The company's 3D scanners and printers only have a small build volume, so CowTech has designed parts that can be printed on any printer with a build volume of 115×110×65mm, which is found in almost all 3D printers.

Ciclop from CowTech:

• There are adjustable laser holders here.
• CowTech DIY uses laser cut acrylic.

BQ Ciclop:

• Models use threaded rods.
• No laser cut acrylic.

No big deal, and the scanners still look pretty similar, but CowTech only intended to improve on the existing design, not reform it. CowTech sells scan-ready Ciclop for 159dollars on your website. All in all, this is a great cheap DIY 3D scanner, very efficient for laser triangulation 3D scanning.

Rotary machines and tables for creating scanners

This do-it-yourself 3D scanner will be quite easy to create. Dave Clark, a British manufacturer, made sure that the models could be disassembled even before the start of sales. Spare parts will go to the creation of other scanners.

This is because it is based on photogrammetry rather than laser triangulation and is compatible with your smartphone! You can download the 3D printable file to sync devices.

You can make a 3D scanner with your own hands from improvised means. You just need to trust the creators of DIY 3D. A simple device instantly turns your iPhone or Android into a 3D scanner by connecting it to this player. Then, using headphones and a phone camera, he takes over 50 photographs of the object, which will be scanned as the turntable rotates.

Once you have taken these images, you can load them into a program such as Autodesk ReCap to turn the photos into a full 3D file.

Overall this is a fantastic creative project and a great DIY 3D scanner for people on a budget.

Microsoft Kinect 3D Scanner

It's even lower at just $99 (but no longer sold, though Kinect V2 is still available with Xbox One). The company's slogan is: "Make your own 3D scanner from Kinect and surprise your friends.

While Microsoft has responded to demand by creating its own 3D Scan app for the Kinect scanner, there are a number of third-party options that may be preferable. These are:

• Skanect, made by Occupital, which also sells a structure sensor.
• Reconstruct Me. It provides a set of tools that allow you to perform 3D scanning for less than $100.

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The results are not fantastic, but for the price they are quite acceptable. It has been shown to be inferior to traditional protogrammetry in quality, especially in fine detail, such as on small models such as shark teeth. However, for beginning 3D scanners this is a fantastic entry level product, especially since you may already have one for the Xbox 360. Of course, in order to know how to make a 3D scanner from your phone with your own hands, you need to calculate what is needed for this. If you plan to use Pi Scan to control your cameras, then you should use the Canon PowerShot ELPH 160. But if you are using some other setup, here are some general recommendations for choosing cameras:

Flash on/off Any custom image processing (sharpening, color enhancement, etc. ).

Much depends on the budget. Scanners are sold at the same price as cameras. If you want to do everything yourself, then the budget is limited. Pay attention to the affordable segment of the optics and spare parts market.

• The first difficulty encountered in building a 3D laser scanner is finding a rotating platform. At the same time, it needs to be controlled only with the help of MatLab. Instead of spending a lot of money or time, you can buy a 28BYJ-48-5V stepper motor with a ULN2003 drive test module board.
• Next, glue the platform to the stepper motor shaft and place it in the groove inside the holder. The platform should be flush with the "marble", but keep in mind that the cheaper it is, the more inconsistent diameters that can make things not level.
• If you have a method for obtaining precise rotation that can be controlled in Mat Lab, set up the camera at any distance and height, as well as the laser line to the left or right of the camera and the turntable. The angle of the laser should be optimal to cover most of the turntable, but nothing needs to be exact, we'll handle the difference in model scale in code.
• The most important part for proper operation is camera calibration. Using the MatLab computer vision toolkit, you can get the exact focal length and optical center of the camera with an accuracy of 0.14 pixels.

Please note that changing the camera resolution will change the values ​​of the calibration process. The main values ​​we are looking for are the focal length, measured in pixel units, and the pixel coordinates of the optical center of the image plane.

Most cheap compact cameras do not have a software interface. They can only be operated manually or mechanically. But a team of volunteers has developed software that allows you to remotely control and configure Canon compact cameras. This software is called CHDK.

• The CHDK is downloaded to the SD card, which is then inserted into the camera.
• When the camera starts, CHDK starts automatically.
• Because CHDK never makes permanent changes to the camera, you can always just remove the dedicated CHDK SD card for normal camera operation.

CHDK is an essential prerequisite for the software controllers listed below. The controllers run on a PC or Raspberry Pi and communicate with the CHDK software running on the cameras via USB. With other kinds of cheap cameras, the only control option is some kind of mechanical or manual start through the installer programs as shown above.

Source

Structured Light Digitization vs. Handheld 3D Laser Scanning

As technology continues to evolve, the 3D scanning market boasts a wide variety of brands, device categories, and price ranges. Today we will take a detailed look at the key selection criteria for an industrial 3D scanner and provide information on the characteristics and applications of various types of metrological systems.

3D metrology scanner selection criteria

When evaluating the capabilities of various 3D scanning devices, the following points play the most important role:

User side:

• requirements for data quality, accuracy and detail;
• usage scenarios, size of scanned objects, textures and digitization time;
• budget.

From the manufacturer:

• user reviews;
• brand and services offered;
• software and updates.

Let's compare two examples of 3D scanning systems in our range:

OptimScan 3D Metrology Scanner with Blue LED Structured Illumination

The OptimScan system is designed to digitize relatively small objects with high precision and detail: cast and forged parts, molding and foundry tooling, plastic components, fine detail products, and the like. It can be used in conjunction with collaborative robotic arms, for example, for digitizing large objects - car bodies, stamped parts, and so on. Applications include automotive and transportation, electronics, molding and foundry tooling, aerospace, and others.

FreeScan UE Handheld 3D Laser Scanner

The FreeScan UE 3D Scanner lets you capture medium to large objects, as well as work with dark and reflective surfaces. Examples include casting dies, clay models, automobile bodies, aircraft engines, large blades and vanes, and the like. Applications include automotive, rail, energy, construction and others.

Structured Illumination 3D Scanners: Precision and Detail

High-precision systems based on structured LED illumination technology and handheld 3D laser scanners form a point cloud in different ways. The former build the cloud in separate solid frames, while the latter generate a cloud by combining and merging frames with a partial display of the object.

Structured light 3D scanning features:

• stable accuracy of the metrological level, in the case of 3D scanners of the OptimScan line, reaching 0. 005 mm;
• good detail.

Level of detail when digitizing with the OptimScan 3D scanner

3D handheld laser scanners: compact and versatile

3D handheld scanners offer the advantages of being compact and adaptable to a wide range of materials through the use of laser emitters:

• handheld 3D laser scanners are flexible, easy to use and fast: the FreeScan UE 3D scanner weighs only 750 grams, and it takes about ten minutes to digitize a car;
• wide range of material compatibility: dark and reflective surfaces can be digitized without the need for frosting sprays;
• high accuracy, in the case of FreeScan UE up to 0.02 mm with high repeatability.

Key points for choosing between two types of metrology 3D scanners

The main thing to pay attention to is data quality requirements and working conditions.

For high demands on quality and detail, we recommend using 3D scanners with structured illumination technology. Examples:

3D scanning of small objects with high precision and detail

3D scanning on the production line with the required accuracy in the range of 0.005-0.015 mm

If compactness and versatility are in the forefront, handheld 3D scanners are worth using. Examples:

3D scanning of stationary, bulky, non-separable objects

3D scanning of dark and/or reflective surfaces without matting spray option

In general, structured light 3D scanning is best suited when there are strict requirements for accuracy and detail. When working with dark and reflective surfaces, matting sprays can be used. Handheld 3D laser scanners, on the other hand, are well suited for working in tight spaces and are highly compatible with various types of surfaces.

There is a misconception that 3D scanning systems based on structured illumination technology are not versatile enough and have too low performance. In fact, these 3D scanners demonstrate high capture speeds and good repeatability, especially when scanning objects on turntables, working with complex geometries, and even in cases where repeatability control of production batches is required.

For example, digitizing an 8 cm impeller pump using a turntable takes only about one minute.

In addition, high-precision structured light 3D scanning systems are very effective in conjunction with collaborative multi-axis robotic arms and coordinate measuring machines with automatic data processing.

3D inspection of the F-35 fighter assembly line

Application examples for metrology 3D scanners

3D scanning with structured LED illumination

Example #1: 3D scan of the bottom of the optical modem case

Example #2: 3D scanning of mobile phone components

Example #3: Digitizing thin walls with a minimum thickness of 0. 16 mm

Example #4: Digitizing a 6 mm part

Example #5: Digitizing a form with the required accuracy of 0.03 mm

Handheld 3D scanner applications

Example #1: 3D scan of an aircraft engine

Example #2: 3D scanning of cast metal parts

Example #3: 3D scan of a reflective mold die

Conclusion

We hope that we have been able to provide useful information for the selection of the optimal equipment. To summarize:

• For precision 3D scanning of small to medium-sized parts, use 3D inspection scanners with structured LED technology;
• For medium to large parts, choose handheld 3D laser scanners;
• Many users with high requirements for measurement control prefer to keep both structured light scanning systems and 3D laser scanners on hand, using one or the other depending on the task at hand, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of design and manufacturing processes.

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