Comercial 3d printer

ProX SLS 6100 3D Printer

The production-ready ProX® SLS 6100 features automated material handling and advanced 3D Sprint® software to deliver tough, high-resolution end-use parts and functional prototyping.

Production-Grade Materials

Produce tough, durable parts from a range of DuraForm^® ProX production-grade nylon materials that have been optimized, validated and tested to ensure quality, with uniform 3D mechanical properties. The ProX SLS 6100 brings versatility to your applications, whether for functional prototyping or direct 3D production. Choose from industrial-grade, tough, impact and fatigue-resistant nylon 11 materials or strong, medical-grade, or flame-retardant capable nylon 12 thermoplastics, or filled nylons for advanced properties in terms of stiffness, temperature resistance, strength and surface finish.

ProX SLS 6100 Material Quality Control system

Unmatched Part Quality at High Throughput:

With faster build times than other SLS printers in its price point, high performance nesting and high density capability for a 25% larger build volume capacity, the ProX SLS 6100 delivers production quality parts in a fast and efficient process.

Best surface finish
Highest resolution and edge definition
High accuracy and repeatability
Uniform part properties

Predictive support through advanced 3D printing software increases uptime and SLS efficiency

Maximize Your Production with 3D Connect:

3D Connect^™ Service provides a secure cloud-based connection to 3D Systems service for preventative support to enable better service, improved uptime and production assurance for your system. With 3D Connect Service, your system will automatically send alerts to 3D Systems' service team for immediate assistance in resolving printer-defined conditions or exceptions, solve problems remotely, pre-order parts, and schedule on-site services as required.

About this printer

Applications
Benefits
Tech Specs

Applications

Impact and temperature resistant durable parts
Covers, housings, enclosures
Jigs and fixtures
Reduced weight production parts
Knobs, handles and other dashboard/interior parts
Parts with snap fits and living hinges
Machinery components
Complex duct work

Benefits

Manufacture strong end-use parts and functional prototypes faster
Easily print any design without using supports or post-processing
Integrated solution with expert application support
Full automation of material handling frees valuable resource
Streamline your workflow with automated production tools
Lower cost of ownership with high throughput and material efficiency
Smoothest surface finish, highest resolution and edge definition of any SLS system

Tech Specs

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) technology
Max build envelope capacity (W x D x H): 15 x 13 x 18 in (381 x 330 x 460 mm)
Broad range of production-grade nylon 11, nylon 12 and reinforced materials
Consistent mechanical properties
High production speed for its class of 2. 7 l per hour
Streamlined production control, including 3D Sprint™ integrated additive manufacturing software, fully automated powder handling and optional 3D Connect capability
Automated 3D part nesting
Maximized build volume and density

Setting the New Standard in 3D Printing
Bring increased productivity and quality to your SLS production process with this exclusive additive manufacturing software with tools for file preparation, automatic 3D nesting, quality checks for pre-build verification, and efficient build planning,
A new level of management in 3D production
3D Connect Service provides a secure cloud-based connection to 3D Systems service teams for proactive and preventative support, enabling better service to improve uptime and deliver production assurance for your system.

3D printing with plastics offers many choices for engineering grade materials, elastomers and composites. Do you need flexibility? Strength? Bio-compatibility? More?
3D print with plastics to build almost anything - used for prototyping, manufacturing, anatomical models and more. Select a plastic material and 3D technology to deliver the characteristics you need.

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sPro 140

High repeatability and throughput of sls production parts

sPro 230

Large capacity SLS printer for high throughput of tough and durable thermoplastic parts

Large Scale 3D Printer, Commercial and Industrial Solutions

400 Series Workbench Xtreme

$49,999. 00

Configure

For customized, full-scale printing capabilities that accelerate time from ideation to application at an affordable price, the WorkSeries 400 (Workbench Xtreme) is the only large scale 3D printer that has been engineered from the ground-up. Most importantly, the unique, parametric design can be easily adjusted to match the needs of our customers.

Print Volume: 1000 mm x 1500 mm x 700 mm (1.05 m³, +2×)
Extruder Standard Type: HFA
Standard Max Throughput: 2×
Extruder Option Type: HFE
Option Max Throughput: Up to 16×
Controller: 32-bit, 120MHz ARM Cortex M4 Processor
Display: 7” TFT, with Wifi
Remote Monitor & Operation: Standard

300 Series Workbench Pro

$37,999.00

Configure

Our 300 Series WorkbenchPro is a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing system with a large 1 m x 1 m x 0. 7 m build area. Therefore, its industrial strength mechatronics deliver superior performance and reliability. Further, with SIMO Series actuators and Constant Force™ anti-backlash lead screws and nuts, the WorkbenchPro provides a rugged, industrial framework that won’t let you down. Additionally, the 3DP WorkbenchPro large scale 3D printer delivers 40% more build volume and up to 16x faster print rates with its unique features.

Print Volume: 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 700 mm (0.7 m³, 1.4×)
Extruder Standard Type: HFA
Standard Max Throughput: 2×
Extruder Option Type: HFE
Option Max Throughput: Up to 16×
Controller: 32-bit, 120MHz ARM Cortex M4 Processor
Display: 7” TFT, with Wifi
Remote Monitor & Operation: Standard

200 Series Workbench Classic

$28,999.00

Configure

Print larger parts at faster rates with the 200 Series Workbench Classic large scale 3D printer. Overall, this classic printer features auto-mesh bed leveling, SurePrint Step-Servo hybrid motors, and duel electronics with remote operating and monitoring capabilities.

Print Volume: 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 500 mm (0.5 m³, 1×)
Extruder Standard Type: Volcano
Standard Max Throughput: 1×
Extruder Option Type: HFE
Option Max Throughput: Up to 16×
Controller: 32-bit, 120MHz ARM Cortex M4 Processor
Display: 7” TFT, with Wifi
Remote Monitor & Operation: Standard

100 Series Work Table

$17,999.00

Configure

The 100 Series WorkTable large scale 3D printer features the same build area size and mechanical features as the Workbench Classic. It is designed for smaller businesses, schools, and entry-level designers looking to implement large-format, industrial strength 3D printing into their projects.

Print Volume: 1000 mm x 1000 mm x 500 mm (0.5 m³, 1×)
Extruder Standard Type: Volcano
Standard Max Throughput: 1×
Extruder Option Type: HFA
Option Max Throughput: 2×
Controller: 16 MHz Processor
Display: LED
Remote Monitor & Operation: NA

Sigma D25 3D Printer

$3,995.00

Buy Now

The Sigma D25 from BCN3D is a new generation of our best-known 3D printer, engineered to grant maximum productivity through a hassle-free experience thanks to features like its massive print volume and full connectivity. Powered by our Independent Dual Extruder (IDEX) system, the Sigma D25 delivers quickly functional prototypes with quality and precision.

Print Volume: 420 x 300 x 200 mm
Printer Size: 690 mm (W) x 530 mm (D) x 550 mm* (H) (27.2” x 20.9” x 21. 7”) *720mm with bowden (28.3”)
Precision Z axis: 1.0 microns
Precision XY axis: 1.25 microns
Max. extruder temperature: 300ºC
Operating temperature: 15 ºC - 30 ºC
Max. bed temperature: 80 ºC
Nozzle diameters: 0.4 mm / 0.8 mm
5 printing modes: Single, Duplication, Mirror, Multimaterial, Soluble Supports

Epsilon W27 3D Printer

$5,995.00

Buy Now

The Epsilon W27 from BCN3D is a powerful professional 3D printing solution, designed to deliver large-scale parts with industrial-grade materials. It features a passive heated chamber, full enclosure, and humidity-controlled environment. Powered by our Independent Dual Extruder (IDEX) system, the Epsilon Series delivers exceptionally strong functional parts with quality and precision.

For an all-in-one 3D printing solution, customers can opt for a Smart Cabinet Bundle. The Epsilon W27, together with the Smart Cabinet (SC) filament storage system, work seamlessly together to help boost your printer's performance and keep your materials in optimal condition for a superior 3D printing experience.

Print Volume: 420 x 300 x 200 mm
Printer Size: 690 mm (W) x 530 mm (D) x 750 mm* (H) (27.2” x 20.9” x 29.5”)
Precision Z axis: 1.0 microns
Precision XY axis: 1.25 microns
Max. extruder temperature: 300ºC
Operating temperature: 15 ºC - 30 ºC
Max. bed temperature: 120 ºC
Nozzle diameters: 0.4 mm (default) / 0.6 mm / 0.8 mm / 1.0 mm / Hotend X: 0.6 mm
5 printing modes: Single, Duplication, Mirror, Multimaterial, Soluble Supports

Epsilon W27 3D Printer with Smart Cabinet (SC)

$9,495.00

Buy Now

Save $500 when you bundle an Epsilon W27 3D printer with a Smart Cabinet Filament Management System from BCN3D. The Smart Cabinet (SC) completes the Epsilon ecosystem, offering seamless integration with Epsilon W27 while maximizing its uptime. Its filament humidity control boosts your printers’ performance, keeping your materials in optimal condition. In addition, its uninterruptible power supply protects your work at all times, avoiding the risk of losing your print job due to power outages.

The BCN3D Smart Cabinet is equipped with sturdy caster wheels that allow the 3D printing workstation to be moved smoothly within any environment including manufacturing, universities, or even a garage. The Smart Cabinet is also stocked with a sliding drawer to keep all the necessary 3D printing tools in one convenient location. This is the complete solution for professional 3D printing production.

Epsilon W50 3D Printer

$7,995.00

Buy Now

The W50 3D printer from BCN3D is the larger of the two Epsilon Series. It offers a powerful professional 3D printing solution, delivering large-scale parts with industrial-grade materials. It includes features such as a passive heated chamber, full enclosure, and humidity-controlled environment. The Epsilon Series is powered by an Independent Dual Extruder (IDEX) system, delivering exceptionally strong functional parts with quality and precision.

For an all-in-one 3D printing solution, customers can opt for a Smart Cabinet Bundle. The Epsilon W50, together with the Smart Cabinet (SC) filament storage system, work seamlessly together to help boost your printer's performance and keep your materials in optimal condition for a superior 3D printing experience.

Print Volume: 420 x 300 x 400 mm
Printer Size: 690 mm (W) x 530 mm (D) x 900 mm* (H) (27.2” x 20.9” x 35.4”)
Precision Z axis: 1.0 microns
Precision XY axis: 1.25 microns
Max. extruder temperature: 300ºC
Operating temperature: 15 ºC - 30 ºC
Max. bed temperature: 120 ºC
Nozzle diameters: 0.4 mm (default) / 0.6 mm / 0.8 mm / 1.0 mm / Hotend X: 0.6 mm
5 printing modes: Single, Duplication, Mirror, Multimaterial, Soluble Supports

BCN3D Smart Cabinet (SC)

$3,995.00

Buy Now

The Smart Cabinet (SC) completes the Epsilon ecosystem, offering seamless integration with your BCN3D Epsilon printers and maximizing their uptime. Its filament humidity control boosts your printers’ performance, keeping your materials in optimal condition, and its uninterruptible power supply protects your work at all times, avoiding the risk of losing your print job due to power outages.

FEATURES

Optimal for all materials
Low Energy consumption: 12 W Avg / 100 W Max
10 storage slots for small filament spools (4 for big spools)
Prints while in dry storage
Humidity-controlled environment, dries without heat
No consumable parts

SPECIFICATIONS

Cabinet Size: 690 x 530 x 950 mm
Weight: 85 kg
Output: 230V / 120V / 100V
Data connection: USB connection (Type-A to Type-B cable)
Sensors: Internal and external humidity sensor
Filament diameter: 2. 85 mm

Epsilon W50 3D Printer with Smart Cabinet (SC)

$11,495.00

Buy Now

Save $500 when you bundle an Epsilon W50 3D printer with a Smart Cabinet Filament Management System from BCN3D. The Smart Cabinet (SC) completes the Epsilon ecosystem, offering seamless integration with Epsilon W50 while maximizing its uptime. Its filament humidity control boosts your printers’ performance, keeping your materials in optimal condition. In addition, its uninterruptible power supply protects your work at all times, avoiding the risk of losing your print job due to power outages.

WorkCenter 500

$250,000.00

Now Available! – Starting at $250k USD, we have designed this extra large-scale 3D printer to provide aﬀordability – without sacriﬁcing quality or throughput. It uses a Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) system and is currently the only machine in the large format category to provide the option of pellet or ﬁlament extruder(s) – or both!

Print Volume: 1,400 mm x 2,800 mm x 700mm (2.7 m³ of print volume)
Extruder Standard Type: Spool and Pellet
Throughput Range: 1 kg/hr up to 6.8 kg/hr (15 lb/hr)

Please see our brochure for more information on the WorkCenter 500!

Introducing the WorkCell — Our large format 3D printer with heated enclosure!

Coming Soon – With a print volume of more than 1 cubic meter, the WorkCell’s heated enclosure will enable users to go beyond polymers that are typically printed in an open ambient environment, including commodity plastics, engineered plastics, and high performance plastics.

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What types of 3D printers are there? 3D printing technologies

This article does not pretend to be scientific, but rather a small introduction to 3D printing "for dummies".

What exactly do we mean by the concept of 3D printing?

In the early 1980s, new methods for the production of parts began to develop, based not on the removal of material, as in traditional machining technologies, but on the layer-by-layer production of a product according to a three-dimensional model obtained in CAD by adding materials in the form of plastic, ceramic, metal powders. and their bundles by thermal, diffusion or adhesive methods. And what does this mean in practice? That it became possible to create physical objects in a completely new way.

The first to patent this technology back in 1984 was Chuck Hull, who also created 3D Systems in 1986, which is still one of the industry leaders. The first commercial 3D printer, the 3D Systems SLA-1, was introduced in 1987.

Thus, we smoothly approach the story of the first and perhaps the most promising 3D printing technology today, namely photopolymer resin printing. Initially, this technology was called SLA, but over time, this name has become not entirely correct.

Photopolymer printing

The essence of photopolymer 3D printing is that a liquid photopolymer resin solidifies under the influence of light and forms a 3D model. Initially, a laser acted as a light source, and the technology was called SLA or stereolithography.

Despite the apparent simplicity, 3D Systems has spent more than 10 years to bring to market the first full-fledged commercial product. This required a shift in other technological products, such as solid-state lasers, which use a solid-state substance as an active medium.

Without going deep into the technological wilds, we can say that about 25 years of gradual development of this technology passed until 2013-2014, when SLA 3D printers cost hundreds of thousands of dollars and were available only to large companies, where they were also used very limitedly due to the high cost as equipment and materials.

Created in 2011, a startup called FormLabs reimagined Chuck Hull's ideas and developed the first desktop SLA 3D printer, which began selling for up to $3,000. Thus, it made it possible for a wide range of users to get involved in 3D printing. Over the years, FormLabs has delivered tens of thousands of its printers to market, avoided being taken over by larger players, and became the first 3D printing unicorn to be worth over $1 billion. This story was one of two turning points in the breakthrough made by 3D printing technology in recent years. But other companies also did not stand still and very soon realized that a laser as a light source for illuminating a photopolymer resin is not the only solution, and they proposed another way to form a model, which was called DLP (Digital Light Processing) .

Without going into technical details, it is important to note that the advantage of this technology lies in higher productivity due to the illumination of the entire layer at once, in contrast to the laser, which must physically illuminate the entire model, so it must be constantly moved. With a simple example, it is very easy to explain what this means. Suppose you need to print a ring, this task on printers of both technologies will take about the same time, but if you need to print 10 rings at once, DLP technology will take advantage. That is, with a DLP printer, you will print 10 rings in the same time as one, while an SLA printer will spend a certain time drawing each of the rings, although this will make it possible to achieve better quality.

A few numbers...

The Form2 SLA printer takes 11 hours and 22 minutes to print 55 models.

As a result, 12.4 minutes for one ring .

And the Uniz Slash Plus 3D printer, which is based on DLP technology, will spend only 3 hours 51 minutes printing 6 rings, it turns out one ring in 3.8 minutes .

DLP technology gained some popularity and began to compete with traditional SLA, but did not become a breakthrough, when suddenly a new revolution happened - LCD 3D printers appeared on the scene.

The principle of formation is even simpler, a powerful LED lamp, enhanced by a lens system, shines on an LCD matrix, which projects the desired image onto a polymer bath, where a 3D model is formed.

The creation of this technology in 2016 made it possible to reduce the price of a 3D printer by 10 times compared to the FormLabs Form 2 printer that was the hit of that time, the price for budget LCD 3D printers started from $300. This drastic cost reduction has greatly expanded the customer base and has given home users and small print studios the opportunity to try this technology for their needs.

What is its advantage over others, besides the price itself?

LCD, as well as DLP printers, illuminate the layer immediately, this gives them an advantage in performance, although at first users were faced with not very high quality of the models themselves. But with the advent of 3D printers with a 2K LCD matrix in 2019, and then a little later 4K, this problem was solved, and LCD printers today are superior both in speed and in the minimum layer thickness of their older brothers.

Vivid examples of 2K resolution printers are models - Elegoo Mars, Anycubic Photon S, Wanhao GR1, Phrozen Shuffle Lite, Phrozen Shuffle 2019, Phrozen Shuffle XL 2019, Phrozen Sonic, 4K - Phrozen Shuffle 4K, Phrozen Transform.

The introduction of 8K sensors in the near future, as well as the use of special monochrome sensors that increase print speed, will make this technology dominant in the 3D printer market.

PHOTOPOLYMER 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES:

I hope I was able to convey to you the essence of the differences between these technologies, but now, in fact, I want to tell you why SLA / DLP / LCD 3D printing is most often chosen. Here it is immediately worth dividing printers into industrial and desktop.

industrial 3D printers are mainly used for large-scale prototyping, as well as small-scale production and mold making. With a sufficiently high productivity and good quality of the final products, this equipment is used in the automotive industry, aerospace industry, and also for printing massive objects, such as this mammoth bone, printed by Materialize in cooperation with the Belgian Royal Institute of Natural Sciences in Brussels.

Desktop SLA/DLP/LCD printers are widely used, primarily in such areas as dentistry, jewelry, ship and aircraft modeling, as well as the manufacture of unique gifts and souvenirs. You can read more about this in our articles on these topics.

The use of a 3D printer in dentistry

3D printing in prototyping

The use of a 3D printer in jewelry

3D printing in small-scale production

High detail and high-quality finish makes this 3D printing technology an excellent tool for solving numerous problems that previously had to be solved in much more time-consuming and expensive ways in the areas of activity that I mentioned above.

Photopolymer printing on a 3D printer in dentistry.

Photopolymer 3D printing in jewelry. On the right is a 3D printed master model of the bracelet.

Photopolymer printing for prototyping

3D Resin Printing Souvenirs

FDM 3D Printing Development Path

The second father of 3D printing can be safely called S. Scott Crump, who at 19In 1988, he patented FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) technology, and in 1989, together with his wife, he created Stratasys, which is still one of the main companies in the industry.

The abbreviation FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) is also often used for this technology, but this should not mislead you. The essence of the technologies is the same, but the names are different in order to avoid patent disputes.

So, what, in fact, was invented. The essence of the idea was that a plastic thread is fed into an extruder, where it melts at a high temperature and forms a model in layers through a small nozzle.

Based on this invention, Stratasys began to produce industrial 3D printers, which were mainly used as well as the first SLA machines in the automotive industry, aerospace industry, and with the advent of various durable plastics such as polycarbonate (PC), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI, Ultem), polyphenylsulfone (PPSF/PPSU), and for functional prototyping. This technology did not become widespread until more than 20 years later, the RepRap (Replicating Rapid Prototyper) project, a self-replicating mechanism for rapid prototyping, appeared.

The original idea was to create a 3D printer that another 3D printer could print, in this photo all the plastic parts of the "child" are printed on the "parent". In fact, something completely different happened - a group of enthusiasts were able to create a budget 3D printer for home or office use. The idea was quickly picked up by three geeks from New York, who created the MakerBot company and began commercial production of desktop FDM 3D printers. This was the second turning point in the modern history of 3D printing.

The cost of printers was about $1000, and this price became quite acceptable for many enthusiasts, technologists, engineers and students who are passionate about the idea of 3D printing.

In 2013, MakerBot was taken over by Stratasys for a record $400 million. The result of all this was that the world received a very interesting technology for creating physical objects. A huge advantage of FDM technology is its cheapness and a large selection of printing materials, which began to appear in large quantities after the start of the spread of 3D printing. FDM printers primarily spread among home users, who began numerous experiments with printing at home, you can read more about this in the article 3D printing as a hobby.

In addition, FDM printing has found its main professional application - prototyping. With the introduction of 3D printing into this process, it will never be the same again. Prototyping has become significantly cheaper and faster, and this made it possible to try many more ideas from engineers to create the highest quality and thoughtful products, more about this can also be found in the article 3D printing in prototyping. There are also active efforts to introduce FDM 3D printing into small-scale production, and this story took an unexpected turn during the COVID-19 epidemic.when doctors urgently needed to produce parts for ventilators, as well as mask holders for doctors who are forced to wear them all day.

FDM 3D printing was able to fully demonstrate its main advantages compared to classical production, namely the speed of modeling a new model and launching it into series in the shortest possible time, less than one day.

Another major advantage of FDM printing is the wide choice of materials, ranging from biodegradable PLA plastic to materials such as PEEK, which can be sterilized at high temperature and pressure.

In the near future, we expect the widespread introduction of so-called "3D printing farms", which will be able to implement the concept of "flexible production", the essence of which is that such a farm can produce any available product, and not specialize in the manufacture of any specific products. , as happens in a classic production. Today it can be spare parts for old models of railway cars, and tomorrow it can be medical mask holders or souvenir cups for competition winners or plastic end caps for furniture.

In the meantime, let's continue our story about the different types of 3D printing that arose in parallel with the development of the two mainstream technologies that I have already talked about. Many engineers and entrepreneurs in different countries and companies have realized that it is possible to start using the principles of 3D printing using other materials and ways of forming models, and this is what they came up with.

Other 3D printing

SLM (Selective Laser Melting) - selective laser melting, also called DMLM and LPBF. The principle of 3D printing here is that, under the influence of a powerful laser, metal powder melts and forms a 3D model. This allows you to create models of complex shapes and high strength, most of all this technology has been used in aerospace and medicine. A rocket is not a mass product, and some elements are much more convenient and more profitable to print on a 3D printer than to mill or cast.

Pictured above is the world's largest printed rocket engine. It was printed on the SLM 800 printer by SLM Solutions for the British aerospace company Orbex. The engine is manufactured as an all-metal nickel alloy product. SLM 3DSLM 3D printing has reduced time by 90% and costs by 50% compared to CNC machines.

In medicine, metal 3D printing has begun to be used to create individual titanium implants made directly for a particular patient, which significantly increases the chances of recovery.

EBM (Electron Beam Melting) - electron beam melting. This is a technology similar to SLS/DMLS, only here the object is formed by melting a metal powder with an electron beam in a vacuum.

SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) is selective laser sintering, another very interesting technology. The model formation process here is the same as in SLM, but instead of metal powder, polyamide or nylon powder is used. This makes it possible to form very strong, wear-resistant products of complex shapes, which, first of all, can be used as functional prototypes of future metal or durable plastic products.

SLS Printed Engine Manifold

SLS printed furniture

MJF (Multi Jet Fusion) is an original technology developed by HP that essentially repeats the principle of SLS, but does not use a laser. This gives the printer a certain performance advantage over laser technology, as it bakes the layer immediately, just as it does with LCD 3D printers, which we wrote about in detail earlier in this article. Being one of the world's technology giants, HP quickly broke into the small 3D printing market and quickly took a large share in the industrial equipment segment, unfortunately, as of 2020, HP has not started shipping its 3D printers to the Russian market.

Surgical instrument and cylinder block printed on MJF printer

PolyJet is a technology similar to conventional inkjet printing. Liquid polymer is fired through many tiny nozzles onto the surface of the printing platform, after which they are cured using ultraviolet radiation. Using this technology, you can create high-quality full-color layouts and prototypes with the highest level of detail and finish quality comparable to industrial serial samples. Unfortunately, the high cost of equipment and materials does not allow a wider implementation of this technology.

MJM (Multi Jet Modeling) is a multi-jet modeling technology similar to PolyJet, but wax can also be used as a material. The technology was developed by 3D Systems, therefore, for reasons of patent protection, it has a different name. Wax printing is widely used in the jewelry business for making individual models to order and creating master models. There are also specialized printers from SolidScape that print with a two-component wax for subsequent melting of the support material in hot water.

CJP (Color Jet Printing) is a technology, the essence of which is the layer-by-layer gluing and coloring of powder based on gypsum or plastic. With this technology, you can create full-color products, and this is most often used for printing architectural models and figures of people. The cost of printing in this case is lower than with PolyJet technology, which gives more opportunities for its wider use.

LOM (Laminated object manufacturing) - a technology similar to CJP, but here the building materials are paper, each sheet of which is glued to the previous one, painted with an inkjet printer and perforated. This gives a full color 3D model and is also well suited for architectural and decorative models.

Another technology with great prospects is the combined technology of metal 3D printing, which combines 3 stages of creating a model: printing on an FDM printer with a special composite thread, where metal and polymer are mixed in certain proportions, melting the polymer and baking the metal model. Based on this technology, the American companies DeskTop Metal and MarkForged have already created their commercial models of 3D printers and started selling them both in America and Europe, but so far the technology is very crude and does not guarantee good quality of finished products. But its huge advantage is the significantly lower price of both printers and finished products. These systems have not yet been delivered to Russia, so we are waiting for the opportunity to independently evaluate their quality and effectiveness. In the next few years, this technology may become the most popular of all possible 3D printing methods.

Studio System+ by Desktop Metal

How it works:

3D printing with ceramics is also a promising direction in various industries. There are a number of companies that produce equipment that prints ceramic models. Various manufacturers use the already mentioned DLP and SLA for this, as a slightly adapted multi-jet simulation technology Ceramic binder jetting (CBJ) . This seal is used in dentistry, jewelry, as well as to create high-quality prototypes with the necessary functional properties. Also, on the basis of FDM printers, printers are being created that print with clay to create ceramic products in a new way. For example, the Italian company WASP has been offering such systems for several years based on its delta printers that print with plastic filament.

Construction 3D printers essentially also use the same construction principle as in FDM printers, only liquid concrete is applied instead of a molten filament. This makes it possible to build the walls of a 100 square meter house in about 3 days, which is significantly faster than standard construction methods and, in addition, it makes it possible to create objects of complex shapes. Of course, this direction is promising, but today it has not been widely used, although in China construction 3D printers were used to quickly build autonomous blocks for self-isolation of patients with mild coronavirus, who did not get a place in hospitals, but they were at home dangerous. An interesting fact is that the most promising housing project on Mars is also recognized as a 3D printing method.

A house printed by an Irkutsk company in Dubai in 3 days

Coronavirus boxes in China. 15 rooms were made in 1 day.

3D food printing is another way to apply FDM technology, only here the material is edible raw materials. Chocolate printers are the most widely used. The tempered chocolate enters the extruder and forms a 3D model in layers through the nozzle. Because chocolate, unlike plastic, is a very delicate material, so it is not so easy to print with it, although it makes it possible to quickly create customized culinary masterpieces or desserts of unusual shapes. In addition to chocolate, it is possible to print using puree, dough or jam. This technology is still at an early stage of development, and perhaps in the near future we will see more advanced equipment that can be used more widely. One of the representatives of 3D printers for printing chocolate is Choc Creator.

And last but not least, the type of 3D printing that has very high hopes for the future is 3D bioprinting . At its core, this is a layer-by-layer printing, where living cells act as a material. This is a relatively new type of 3D printing, the first experiments were carried out in 2000 by bioengineer Thomas Boland, who modified conventional desktop printers to print DNA fragments. For 20 years, this industry has stepped far forward, and now, in addition to prototypes of human organs, implants, vascular tubes, heart valves, auricles, cartilage, bone tissue and skin for subsequent transplantation are successfully printed. This type of printing has been successfully used to create "simulators" for doctors, on which they can rehearse operations or for students for live practice. And, of course, one of the main purposes of bioprinting is to print functioning internal organs for transplantation from the patient's biomaterial. So far, this direction is at the stage of development and testing and is not fully used to treat patients, but a large number of successful experiments have already been carried out. Like the heart seal by Israeli scientists in 2019year, while very tiny in size, but the main thing is that it is able to perform its functions. Also, bioprinting has great prospects in the experimental testing of medicines produced by pharmaceutical companies.

Of course, I did not manage to cover all 3D printing technologies in this article, but even if you are not a technical expert, you can get a first idea of 3D printing, its various technologies and methods of application.

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