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Unlimited z 3d printer
Creality's CR30 Belt 3D Printer, CR-30 3DPrintMill US/AU/UK FREE SHIPPING
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Creality 3DPrintMill (CR-30) Belt 3D Printer:
An Infinite-Z volume 3D printer created by Naomi Wu & Creality3D, building on the work of Karl Brown and Bill Steele. 3DPrintMill is a feature of infinite-length printing and bulk printing, thereby time-saving in printing and cost-efficient. The special infinite-Z belt is the first Creality 3D printer to realize infinite build volume in the world.
Infinite-Z-axis for Endless Printing: Equipped with the rolling conveyor belt, it realizes continuous printing. No worries to print the infinite length model. High productivity, time-saving, and cost-efficient (Print dimension: 200*170*∞mm) *A removable extension bracket is available for installing to prevent the model from falling during printing.
Stable CoreXY Structure: The stable and sturdy CoreXY precision structure with isosceles right triangle support gives you an extraordinary printing experience.
Nylon Conveyor Belt: Made of wear-resistant Nylon, the conveyor belt features excellent adhesion to the model. The printed model can fall off automatically as the belt rolls to the end, thus free your hand Strong adhesion| Hassle-free removal | Wear-resistant| Well-balanced conveyance *Easy to replace the conveyor belt.
Dual gears metal extrusion mechanism: High-quality dual gears metal extrusion, combined with the 45 degrees slanting nozzle realizing constant printing of ＞200 hours without pressure.
Unique 45° Printing Angle: The unique 45 ° angle design offsets the limitations of the vertical nozzle structure. Equipped with a high-performance nozzle kit, it achieves continuous printing along with the horizontal Z-axis.
Filament Breakage Detector: Whenever there is a possible accident like filament run-out or filament breakage, the smart sensor forces the machine to suspend printing. Printing will be automatically resumed after the new filament feed-in.
Ultra-silent Motherboard/Fans to Cool Down Ensure/Resume Printing.
Time Lapse of #3DPrintMill Printed 6-Meter Rod
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You Can Buy An Infinite 3D Printer For Only US$399 « Fabbaloo
The PowerBelt3D Zero infinite 3D printer [Source: PowerBelt3D]Infinite 3D printing soon to be available to all with the new PowerBelt 3D printer kit.
Infinite 3D printing is a strange concept for most 3D printer operators: 3D prints have a maximum size of the build chamber from the machine on which they’re being printed. Or do they?
There’s an unusual concept that’s been implemented in only a handful of devices called “infinite” 3D printing that changes the maximum Z-axis dimension to, literally, infinity. That’s assuming you have a sufficient amount of material handy, however.
Belt-Based 3D Printing
The concept involves tipping the printing plane to a 45 degree angle, and printing these tipped slices on a moving belt. The belt becomes the Z-axis, although it’s not really in the same direction one would normally see it. To imagine what this looks like, lay a stack of cookies along a surface and tip them over slightly against each other. That’s what the printed slices on one of these machines will look like.
The infinite 3D printing concept [Source: PowerBelt3D]The “infinite” concept arrives because the belt loops on itself and can thus keep 3D printing forever, so long as material is supplied.
That, and a method for holding the infinitely long print coming off the belt.
Blackbelt 3D Printer Introduced
I first saw this concept implemented by Blackbelt, a Netherlands-based company that sort of spun off from colorFabb, as one of their staff came up with the idea. Since then the concept transformed into a company and is marketing a 3D printer using the unusual printing process. There’s only one problem: the device is priced at more than US$10K, out of reach for many individuals and businesses.
However, there’s more to the story.
Earlier this year we wrote about a new initiative called “White Knight”, by Pennsylvania-based Karl Brown of NAK 3D Designs to devise an open source belt-style 3D printer using the same infinite printing concept. The design has been uploaded to Thingiverse and it’s said could cost around US$2,000 to build from this design. That’s a substantial cost saving over the Blackbelt offering.
However, now there’s a new offering that should bring the price down substantially.
The PowerBelt3D Zero is a low-cost, belt-powered FFF 3D printer kit that is available for only US$399 during their launch.
PowerBelt3D Zero Specifications
The build volume of the PowerBelt3D Zero is 200 x 170 x infinity mm, as discussed above. This is a bit smaller than either the White Knight or BlackBelt designs, but still quite functional, especially with that infinitely-sized axis.
The PowerBelt3D Zero includes a direct drive extruder and all-metal hot end, allowing for printing of many common engineering materials. Its X-Y motion system uses the Core-XY concept to allow for smooth and coordinated movement.
Of course, the key component of the PowerBelt3D Zero is the belt system. It’s a steel-reinforced GT2 belt that is designed to be easily tightened. This is critically important, as the tighter the belt, the flatter the build surface, and increased probability of successful adhesion during printing.
To be clear, this device is a kit that you must assemble. We asked about the difficulty in doing so, because we’ve seen quite a range of “assembly” in recent kit 3D printers, ranging from 2-3 pieces that need to be erected all the way to bags of hundreds of nuts, bolts, panels, wires and other bits that take hours to assemble. For the PowerBelt3D Zero, it’s said that it should take only 4-8 hours to build.
Once finished, the device is entirely ready for 3D printing, although no material ships with the machine so you will have to supply your own spools of 1.75mm filament.
Infinite 3D Printing Software
I asked about how the slicing software works, because the motion system is very different from that seen on most 3D printers. What software is used? We were told that Blackbelt Cura can be used. This is an open source system based on Cura likely targeted at the Blackbelt system. But it will also work on the PowerBelt3D Zero.
Apparently you can also use ANY slicing system as well.
Here’s what you must do: slice the model in the normal fashion, as if for a cartesian device. Then use a special post-processing script to review the generated GCODE and “fix” it to work with the PowerBelt3D Zero. There’s more information on that process here.
Perhaps the most attractive feature of the PowerBelt3D Zero is the incredibly low price, only US$399 at launch, and you can pre-order one right now. We’re told that afterwards the standard price will likely be US$499, so you can save US$100 by acting now.
Via PowerBelt3D
You Can Buy An Infinite 3D Printer For Only US$399
Need to 3D print very long objects at low cost? The PowerBelt3D Zero Infinite 3D printer might be just for you.
Where Are The Stratasys Advanced 3D Printing Demonstrators?
What happened to Stratasys’ 3D print demonstration technologies? We examine the Continuous Build 3D Printer, the Robotic Composite and Infinite Build technologies.
The Sliding-3D PLUS High-Temp Infinite 3D Printer
Robotfactory announced a higher-temperature version of their infinite 3D printer.
A New Standard Style of 3D Printing: Infinite?
An Italian company has announced another “infinite” 3D printer, and I’m wondering if this approach is going to stick.
The Workhorse 3D Concept 3D Printer
I’m looking at a very interesting concept 3D printer from engineer Swaleh Owais.
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Z. The desktop additive system can be used for both oversized 3D printing and small-scale additive manufacturing.
This 3D printer has already been featured in several reviews under the designation CR-30. In the additive community, the idea of conveyor 3D printers has been floating around for a long time, at least twelve years, but commercial versions have only recently begun to appear: Blackbelt in 2017, Powerbelt Zero in 2019, from the open source versions, the White Knight project can be mentioned. Another promising option called Printrbelt was never brought to market due to the untimely demise of Printrbot.
It was only a matter of time before an analogue appeared in the range of leading Chinese manufacturers of 3D printers, and already on November 18, everyone will be able to apply for Creality's system, called 3DPrintMill.
The development of our own version of a conveyor 3D printer was promoted by Naomi Wu (aka SexyCyborg), a well-known homemaker to our community, who has been collaborating with Creality for a long time. Perhaps the main factor was the cost: the price range among the above offers is wide and reaches €12,500, and Creality offers a very affordable option: early participants in the Kickstarter campaign will be able to order from $538. nine0003
As you can see in the illustrations, the distinguishing features of these 3D printers are the guides mounted at an angle of 45 ° to the surface along the X and Y axes, as well as the conveyor belt. You can get confused with the coordinate system, but imagine that a slightly skewed 3D printer is lying on its back - then the CoreXY kinematics are mounted on the portal with the appropriate coordinates, and the belt moves along the Z axis. The tilt of the portal, coupled with the translational movement of the belt, provides the ability to build parts in height without the need to rollback the entire model.
In other words, this scheme allows you to print parts of theoretically unlimited length - just remember to attach the roller table and open the window. nine0003
Alternatively, this 3D printer can be used for in-line production, printing one part after another and allowing the models to separate themselves from the tape at the end and fall into a container. From an economic point of view, serial 3D printing will be justified as long as we are talking about relatively small batches of products, measured in hundreds or thousands of pieces.
Polylactide, PET-G, and TPU are listed as consumables, but there is a heated platform in the work area under the belt. The wear-resistant conveyor belt is made on a nylon base, apparently with the addition of carbon fibers. The system is calibrated at the factory, equipped with quiet drivers, a massive airflow with three fans is installed on the head. Additional features include a filament sensor, save and resume function, plus a card capture reader for offline operation.
Frame made of aluminum profiles with V-shaped rollers and guides reinforced with corners. Given the unusual coordinate system, the preparation of machine code requires special software - for this purpose, the company offers a specialized slicer CrealityBelt. nine0003
Specifications of 3DPrintMill 3D Printer (CR-30):
- Print technology: FDM
- Number of extruders: 1
- Construction area size: 200x170x∞ mm
- Printing accuracy: ±0.1 mm
- Nozzle diameter: 0.4 mm
- Layer thickness: 0.1-0.4 mm
- Hot end temperature: ≤240°C
- Heating temperature: ≤100°C
- Power consumption: 350W nine0042
- Power supply: AC 100-120V / 200-240V, DC 24V
- Consumables: PLA, PET-G, TPU
- Filament diameter: 1.75 mm
- Interface language: English
- Data transfer: USB, SD card
- Software: CrealityBelt Slicer
- Dimensions: 535x656x410 mm
- Weight: 16.
5 kg (net), 20.5 kg (gross)
The start of accepting orders is scheduled for November 18, 19:00 Moscow time.
You can subscribe to the notification about the start of the campaign here.
FFF fdm CREALITY 3DPrintMill CR-30 conveyor
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3D Printers / Peripherals
Author: Konstantin Afanasiev
Computer technologies are increasingly merging with real life.
However, the line between real reality and reality, so to speak, computer or virtual remains. Moving an object from one plane to another is not easy. Of course, if we are talking about text, pictures and other two-dimensional things, then printers and scanners have long made such an exchange a simple and completely ordinary thing. However, in the case of three-dimensional physical objects, everything is much more complicated. nine0003
Even technologies that allow you to see a three-dimensional computer model in real volume cannot be called very common (although they are already at the user level both in terms of price and availability). As for the possibility of touching such a model and interacting with it, then so far there is no question of home or amateur use.
And I think most of the readers didn't even think about technologies that allow reproducing the model in real material. At best, they heard something out of the corner of their ear. This article will be devoted to such technologies.
So to speak, for the general development. nine0003
Let's start with the question, why is this needed? Why do you need to take a three-dimensional model of something and make a real object out of it? It turns out there are plenty of uses. The first, and most basic, in the industry - mainly for rapid prototyping - is to see how the model will look in the material. According to a spokesman for the aerospace company Pratt & Whitney, "the cost of developing a complex product can be greatly reduced if engineers are asked to look at a real part instead of dozens of drawings." nine0003
In addition, various tests can be carried out on the finished model even before the final version of the product is ready. What's more, prototypes allow you to perform tests that you can't do on a finished product. For example, Porsche used a transparent plastic model of the 911 GTI transmission to study oil flow during its development. However, the main thing is that such a model can be made very quickly - and in our time of high speeds this is very important.
Actually, there is a whole industry of rapid prototyping (Rapid Prototyping - RP), which is precisely engaged in the development and use of volumetric printing technologies for these purposes. nine0003
However, prototypes are not everything. The next step is rapid production. Already, some RP technologies allow the manufacture of finished items from various materials. This is an ideal solution for small-scale production, since the standard manufacturing process makes it possible to do anything (within reasonable limits, of course) in a relatively short time. Again, some of the 3D printing technologies allow you to quickly produce molds - well, then the production process is already rolled out. True, prices and availability (as well as the choice of materials) still leave much to be desired. nine0003
But in the future, who would refuse the opportunity to quickly make some necessary trifle at home, instead of looking for it in stores or ordering a bottle from a familiar locksmith Uncle Vasya.
Actually, here you can draw a direct analogy with systems based on FPGA (that is, on programmable logic), which have made a real revolution (although it may be imperceptible for non-specialists) in electronics. FPGA technology allows you to describe electronic circuits on a computer, and then quickly implement everything described in a standard chip. The same fast prototyping, but for electronics. Moreover, if earlier all this was quite expensive and complicated, now, if desired, you can make anything - a microprocessor, DSP, microcontroller - practically at home. Volumetric printing will allow, in the future, to do the same with conventional production. However, it's time to move on from romantic dreams to the harsh truth of life and what 3D printing is now. nine0003
Micromachines
The simplest, cheapest and most affordable devices that claim to be a 3D printer actually have almost nothing to do with printers. We are talking about machine tools with program control. However, if you imagined some kind of screw-cutting monster the size of half a room (I immediately recall labor lessons or the Code of Criminal Procedure), then this is in vain.
We are talking about very compact desktop machines, which are called desktop CNC machines (CNC means computer numerically controlled, or, in Russian, a machine with numerical control). These devices can be controlled directly from CAD programs and cut, cut and drill models in the material that are developed in these programs. Materials can be almost anything - from plastic or wood to soft metals (bronze, aluminum). For example, the MicroMill 2000 Desktop Machining System from MicroProto, shown in the picture (this is called a CNC milling machine), connects to a computer instead of a printer, can process a volume of 23x14x15 cm and is able to position the tool with an accuracy of hundredths of a millimeter. Machines aluminum and even mild steels. This wonderful thing costs a little less than $ 2,000. nine0003
Desktop multifunctional machine, connects instead of a printer
Part model and finished part made on a CNC machine
Another example of such devices is the MDX line of machines from Roland.
The older models are designed for semi-industrial use and cost, respectively, around $20K. But the MDX-15 machine is estimated at about $ 3,000 and it can already be categorized as amateur and even home equipment. The MDX-15 also allows you to process various materials up to aluminum and bronze, has a working area of 15x10x6 cm and an accuracy of the order of hundredths of a millimeter. It connects to a computer via a serial port. By the way, Roland supplies a special piezoelectric scanning head to its machines, which allows you to do the reverse transformation - translate real objects into three-dimensional computer models. nine0003
Roland MDX 20
Machine at work
CNC machines are divided into three main types: routers (routers), milling (mills) and turning (lathes). What a lathe is, I think everyone understands that. And what is the difference between router and mill is easiest to understand from the figure.
Of the two devices described above, the first is mill, and the second is router. By the way, machines with four degrees of freedom are also produced - to a certain extent combining the capabilities of mill and lathe. All this technique can be used both for the direct manufacture of objects according to three-dimensional models, and for the preparation of molds for casting - this significantly expands the scope. Other possible uses are engraving, fast PCB fabrication (no photomasks or etching), modeling (anyone who has built a model airframe at least once must hate jigsaw sawing for the rest of their lives), and a host of others. Well, you can get more information on desktop CNC machines at www.desktopcnc.com. nine0003
What is the difference between CNC-Mill and CNC-Router
Computerized lathe Flashcut
They use several different technologies. Historically, the so-called stereolithography (StereoLithography or SLA) was developed first.
The principle was invented and patented by Charles Hull back in 1986. Then Hull founded the company 3D Systems, which was engaged in the release of the corresponding equipment. Later, the German EOS GmbH, the Japanese Sony-DMEC and Mitsui Engineering, as well as several others, joined it. The essence of stereolithography is as follows - there is a liquid photopolymer in the working area of the printer. When illuminated with ultraviolet light, the photopolymer hardens and turns into a fairly durable plastic (photopolymers are actively used by dentists for fillings, so I think many of the readers are familiar with them). To illuminate the polymer, either an ultraviolet laser or an ordinary ultraviolet lamp is used (more on that later). The laser beam actually scans the work plane pixel by pixel and forms separate solid "pixels" until it draws a section of the model on the plastic. Then the level of the photopolymer rises (more precisely, the desktop falls along with the formed part of the model), and the next layer is drawn on top of it until the model is completely ready.
Stereolithography makes it possible to obtain an accuracy of "imprint" of the order of tenths of a millimeter, reproduces small details well and provides a fairly even surface of the object. This technology is the best tested and the most widely used. However, it is not without its drawbacks - installations, as well as consumables, are quite expensive (the price of such a printer is about hundreds of thousands of dollars). In addition, the processed material is limited only to photopolymers. nine0003 How the SLA machine works
This is what a stereolithography machine looks like from the inside.
CAD model is the same, but already made in plastic using SLA technology
A faster version of this technology was originally developed by Cubital Inc. (Now apparently deceased.) It was called Solid Ground Curing or SGC for short.
It also used a photopolymer as a working material, but the illumination was carried out with an ultraviolet lamp immediately for the entire working layer. Illumination was carried out through a photomask, which for each layer was printed on glass using a technology reminiscent of laser printing. Processing the entire layer simultaneously instead of pixel-by-pixel scanning with a laser beam just made it possible to achieve a fairly high speed of building an object. Now a system based on a similar principle is offered, for example, by the German company Envisiontec. The device is called Prefactory (very telling name) and is a rapid prototyping system for the end user. The machine occupies only 0.3 square meters of space, so it can be installed even in a small office. Illumination is produced using DLP (Digital Light Processing) technology, similar to those used in computer projection systems. Resolution (for one working layer) is 1280x1024 pixels at a pixel size of 150 or 90 micron. The thickness of the layers varies from 150 to 50 microns.
The Prefactory can make prototypes around 190x152x230mm and print speeds up to 15mm per hour (height). The printer is controlled by a built-in computer running Linux, and communication with the outside world is via Ehternet via a local network. In fact, you can send jobs to the Prefactory just like you would to a regular network printer.
Envisiontec Prefactory Compact 3D Printer
Laser Sintering
An alternative method of three-dimensional printing is called laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering - SLS). Here, as you might guess, a laser is also used, but the working material is no longer a photopolymer, but a powder of some relatively fusible plastic. The plastic in the working volume of the SLS-machine is heated almost to the melting point, and so that it does not catch fire and does not begin to oxidize, nitrogen is supplied to the working area. Then a powerful laser again draws a section of the part on the plastic powder, the plastic is heated above the melting point and sintered.
The next layer is poured on top and the procedure is repeated. At the end of the work, the excess powder is simply shaken off the finished model. This process was developed in the late 80s at the University of Texas at Austin and patented in 1989 by university graduate Carl Deckard. The process was then commercialized by DTM Corp. Laser sintering also provides a fairly high quality parts, although their surface is porous. But the models obtained by the SLS method are the most durable and this technology, in principle, can be used for small-scale production. True, the SLS plant is quite complex and expensive, and the production rate is only a few centimeters (height) per hour (plus several hours to heat up and cool down the plant). nine0003
This is how the laser sintering machine works
This is how the SLS machine and parts made in it look like
In addition to good manufacturing accuracy and high strength of the "printouts" obtained, SLS has several other important advantages.
First, laser sintering makes it possible to produce models with moving parts - for example, working hinges, push buttons, and so on. Secondly, special materials have been developed for the SLS process, allowing the direct production of metal parts. As a powder, steel microparticles are used here, coated on top with a layer of binding plastic. The sintering of the plastic takes place as usual, and then the "printed" part is fired in an oven. In this case, the plastic burns out, and the freed pores are filled with bronze. The result is an object consisting of 60% steel and the remaining 40% bronze. In terms of its mechanical characteristics, it surpasses aluminum and approaches classic stainless steel. In fact, SLS already now allows the production of full-fledged metal objects, and of arbitrary shape. In addition, there is a similar material with a ceramic or glass core - it can be used to make models that are resistant to high temperatures and aggressive chemicals. If only the process itself wasn't so expensive.
.. nine0003
Laser sintering model and implementation
Lamination
Another laser 3D printing technology is lamination. It was developed by Helysis and sold under the brand name LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing). Helysis itself ceased to exist in 2000, and several other manufacturers are now developing their equipment based on its technology. The essence of the technology is as follows - thin sheets of working material are loaded into the machine in turn, from which layers of the future model are then cut out by a laser. After cutting, the layers are glued together. Initially, special paper with a layer of adhesive was used as the material. However, thin plastics, ceramics and even metal foils can also be cut in this way. nine0003
The principle of operation of the three-dimensional printer on lamination
Inkjet printing
Above, so to speak, laser three-dimensional printing systems have been described.
However, inkjet printers are not far behind laser printers in this area. The simplest of the "inkjet" 3D printing processes is the so-called Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The idea of FDM is very simple - the dispensing head squeezes drops of heated thermoplastic onto the cooled base platform (almost any industrial thermoplastic can be used as a material). Drops quickly harden and stick together, forming layers of the future object (printing here is also carried out in layers). The FDM process makes it possible to produce quite large ready-to-use parts (up to 600 x 600 x 500 mm) with sufficiently high accuracy (minimum layer thickness 0.12 mm). The fundamentals of this technology were developed 19 more88 by Scott Crump. The main manufacturer of FDM equipment is Stratasys.
How the FDM machine works
By the way, NASA is considering FDM technology as a "space factory" candidate. After all, you cannot take an unlimited number of spare parts for all equipment on a space expedition.
And it is unlikely that it will be possible to place a full-fledged mechanical workshop on a spaceship. But loading a couple of hundred kilograms of the original plastic and a compact machine that can make any part out of this plastic is easy. nine0003
FDM printer at work
Another technology clearly derived from inkjet is Objet Geometries' Polyjet. Here the inkjet head is used to print photopolymer plastic. The model, as usual, is printed layer by layer, and the resolution in the layer is 600 x 300 dpi, and the layer thickness can be reduced to as little as 16 microns. Each printed layer is polymerized into a hard plastic under the action of an ultraviolet lamp. In principle, all this is quite similar to SLA, but much faster, more accurate, simpler and more compact. At the same time, the price for Objet printers is at the level of $60K - several times less than for SLA installations. A similar system called InVison is also produced by 3D Systems, so the founding father of stereolithography also does not stand still.
The price tag for this machine is about $40K - rapid prototyping systems have clearly become cheaper in recent years. nine0003
Objet Eden 260 rapid prototyping system
And a skull model printed on it
And another "inkjet printing" technology, but using powder materials. It was developed at the famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Z Corporation became the first and main manufacturer of equipment. Its 3D printers are relatively inexpensive (from $10K to $30K) and are significantly faster than the devices described above. The essence of the technology is as follows - a special inkjet head (by the way, adapted from Hewlett-Packard inkjet printers) sprays an adhesive onto the powder material. Ordinary gypsum or starch is used as a powder. In "splashed" places, the powder sticks together and forms a model. Printing, as in previous cases, goes in layers, and the excess powder is shaken off at the end.
However, there is a significant difference - this printer can use an adhesive liquid with the addition of pigment dyes - which means it can print color models. The color printer from Z Corporation has 4 inkjet heads with ink-glue of primary colors, so that the resulting model can reproduce not only the shape, but also the color (that is, the texture) of its virtual prototype. True, plaster models are not very strong, but they can immediately be used as molds for casting. As for the detailing of the "imprint", it is enough to look at the given photographs to appreciate it. nine0003
It remains only to shake off the excess powder from the finished print of the model.
Head and parts for it, color 3D printing
Z Corporation serial 3D printer
By the way, ProMetal is developing an interesting variant of the above powder inkjet printing.
Its proprietary manufacturing process called the Direct Metal Process works exactly the same way. Only instead of gypsum powder, metal powder is used. Next, the molded product is fired in a furnace, so that the powder either melts itself or binds with a more fusible metal (as in laser sintering of metal powders). Here is another method of direct production using 3D printing. nine0003
Detail made of metal using ProMetal technology
In general, the prospects for 3D printing are very bright - this technology already saves a lot of time and effort for designers and engineers. And what will happen when it becomes available at the household level. Or, at least, in the form of an inexpensive service. Imagine that you can make any object that you can think of and draw on a computer ... All you have to do is draw a model, determine the material and send an order over the Internet. This is called Distance Manufacturing on Demand.
In general, such a technology is simply bound to become mass-produced sooner or later - and then everyone will have their own personal mechanical factory on the table, replacing ordinary production in small things. In the same way that printers have replaced printing houses and typewriting bureaus. nine0003
Meanwhile, further developments in this area are in full swing, so you can always expect something new and unexpected. For example, a group of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley is developing a 3D printing technology that would allow both form and content to be created simultaneously. The content here means neither more nor less - electronic stuffing. Let's say the printer prints the plastic case of a mobile phone and prints all the electronics inside at the same time. In principle, there are already ways to print plastic semiconductor devices and the wires connecting them. It remains only to combine them with existing 3D printer technologies and a revolutionary breakthrough in modern production is ready.
No, of course, this is not an easy task, but it is quite possible to solve it. nine0003
Or, for example, the developments of the University of Missouri, which allow using an inkjet printer to print original blanks of biological organs. In this case, clumps of cells of a given type are used as ink. Instead of "paper" there is a special bio-gel that fixes the position of cell clumps in space. The printing is done in several layers, so that the result is a three-dimensional construction of cells, which, in principle, can imitate any organ (after the cells grow, the gel dissolves, so that hollow structures can be obtained). Of course, printing a full-fledged organ for transplantation seems too difficult for now, but work is underway. nine0003
Cellular ink printing system
For those who are interested in this topic, I can give some useful links. First, at this address is a collection of links to equipment manufacturers, technology developers and researchers.
