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Flm 3d printing
Take on FLM 3D Printing in the 2015 3D Printer Challenge from RepRap Central - 3DPrint.com
Back in 2005 when Dr. Adrian Bowyer, a lecturer in mechanical engineering at the University of Bath, created the RepRap, or Replicating Rapid Prototyper, the goal of his project was to create a self-replicating device, in this case a 3D printer, that would be so useful it could ensure its own evolution and distribution.
Bowyer retired in 2012 to concentrate on the RepRap Project and his company, RepRapPro Ltd.
The RepRap Printer can print a percentage of its component parts, and as such Bowyer says he hopes that this ‘Portable Factory’ concept will bring on a new era of personal manufacturing.
Now RepRap Central are calling on developers and engineers to push the project on to the next level with their 2015 3D Printer Challenge.
RepRap Central sells 3D printers, 3D printer kits, and accessories from their offices in West Sussex and Cornwall, UK, and the challenge they’ve thrown open for this year is a call for entrants to build their own FDM 3D Printer.
Dr. Adrian Bowyer
But it’s about more than simply building a printer, it’s about building a printer to “revolutionize the 3D Printing revolution itself.”
They’re calling on entrants to the challenge to create an “FLM” 3D Printer. So what is an “FLM” printer? They say it stands for Fused Layer Manufacturing, a term they coined to describe a 3D printer capable of printing a complete layer at a time.
“Imagine the benefits of this type of 3D Printer. Very rapid build times, super smooth vertical operation, a level of accuracy yet to be experienced and super quiet operation,” states the challenge release. “What could this look like? We’ll we think it would only need a (Vertical) Z Axis. Gone are the mechanics of the current X and Y Axis used today in most if not all existing 3D Printers.”
The idea is that some sort of innovative ‘active extruder’ would be central to the design which could fill the width and depth of the entire X and Y build area.
They’re looking for a device which may mix technologies from 3D printing and injection molding which can be controlled at high resolution layer levels.
“We hope you’ll play a part, whether it’s to critique the proposal, put forward ideas, come up with designs or even build an FLM prototype.” they say. “The challenge is open to anyone, individual or business, and the winning design or designs will be announced later in the year.”
RepRap Central says more information on the challenge is coming soon, and they add that there’s a plan to “provide an environment where we can all share ideas and contribute thoughts and designs.”
Do you have the skills to take on the RepRap Central FLM Printer Challenge? Let us know what you think about the idea in the 2015 3D printer Challenge forum thread on 3DPB.com.
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Adrian Bowyer • FLM 3D printer • flm 3d printing • fused layer manufacturing • reprap • RepRap Central • RepRap Challenge • uk
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Compare Filament and Resin 3D Printers
The 3D printing and additive manufacturing market has undergone rapid change in recent years. No longer primarily the domain of hobbyists, highly capable desktop machines have developed into essential tools for businesses. After becoming the go-to tool for prototyping and product development, 3D printing use has expanded across manufacturing, dentistry, jewelry, and much more.
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA) are the two most popular types of 3D printers on the market. Both 3D printing technologies have been adapted and refined for the desktop, making them more affordable, easier to use, and more capable.
In this comprehensive buyer's guide, we take a closer look at FDM and SLA 3D printers (also known as filament and resin 3d printers), and how they compare in terms of print quality, materials, applications, workflow, speed, costs, and more, to help you decide which technique is ideal for your business.
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Having trouble finding the best 3D printing technology for your needs? In this video guide, we compare FDM, SLA, and SLS technologies across popular buying considerations.
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Fused deposition modeling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is the most widely used type of 3D printing at the consumer level. FDM 3D printers work by extruding thermoplastic filaments, such as ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PLA (Polylactic Acid), through a heated nozzle, melting the material and applying the plastic layer by layer to a build platform. Each layer is laid down one at a time until the part is complete.
Watch how FDM 3D printing works.
FDM 3D printers are well-suited for basic proof-of-concept models, as well as quick and low-cost prototyping of simple parts, such as parts that might typically be machined.
Stereolithography was the world’s first 3D printing technology, invented in the 1980s, and is still one of the most popular technologies for professionals.
SLA 3D printers use a laser to cure liquid resin into hardened plastic in a process called photopolymerization.
See how SLA 3D printing works.
SLA resin 3D printers have become vastly popular for their ability to produce high-accuracy, isotropic, and watertight prototypes and parts in a range of advanced materials with fine features and smooth surface finish. SLA resin formulations offer a wide range of optical, mechanical, and thermal properties to match those of standard, engineering, and industrial thermoplastics.
Resin 3D printing a great option for highly detailed prototypes requiring tight tolerances and smooth surfaces, such as molds, patterns, and functional parts. SLA 3D printers are widely used in a range of industries from engineering and product design to manufacturing, dentistry, jewelry, model making, and education.
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When additive manufacturing processes produce parts layer by layer, each layer also introduces an opportunity for inaccuracy. The process by which layers are formed affects the surface quality, level of precision, and the accuracy of each layer, and consequently, the overall print quality.
FDM 3D printers form layers by depositing lines of molten material. With this process, the resolution of the part is defined by the size of the extrusion nozzle and there are voids in between the rounded lines as the nozzle deposits them. As a result, layers may not fully adhere to one another, layers are generally clearly visible on the surface, and the process lacks the ability to reproduce intricate details that other technologies can offer.
In SLA 3D printing, liquid resin is cured by a highly-precise laser to form each layer, which can achieve much finer details and is more reliable to repeatedly achieve high-quality results.
As a result, SLA 3D printing is known for its fine features, smooth surface finish, ultimate part precision, and accuracy.
Accuracy, precision, and tolerance in 3D printing are complex and often misunderstood terms. Learn more about their meaning to better understand 3D print performance.
SLA parts have sharp edges, sleek surfaces, and minimal visible layer lines. This example part was printed on the Formlabs Form 3 desktop SLA 3D printer.
The use of light instead of heat for printing is another way SLA printers guarantee reliability. By 3D printing parts at close to room temperature, they don't suffer from thermal expansion and contraction artifacts, which can happen during the FDM printing process.
Thanks to the highly precise laser, SLA 3D printers are better for manufacturing complex parts (FDM part on the left, SLA part on the right).
While FDM printers produce a mechanical bond between layers, SLA 3D printers create chemical bonds by cross-linking photopolymers across layers, resulting in fully dense parts that are water and airtight.
These bonds provide high degrees of lateral strength, resulting in isotropic parts, meaning that the strength of the parts does not change with orientation. This makes SLA 3D printing especially ideal for engineering and manufacturing applications where material properties matter.
The difference in quality is less visible on relatively simple parts. However, SLA parts are dense and isotropic, which makes them better suited for many engineering and manufacturing applications (FDM part on the left, SLA part on the right).
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Plastic extrusion 3D printers work with a range of standard thermoplastic filaments, such as ABS, PLA, and their various blends. The popularity of FDM 3D printing in the hobbyist space has led to an abundance of color options. Various experimental plastic filaments blends also exist to create parts with wood- or metal-like surface.
Engineering materials, such as Nylon, PETG, PA, or TPU and high-performance thermoplastics like PEEK or PEI are also available, but often limited to selected professional FDM printers that support them.
FDM filaments and blends offer various color options. (source: All3DP.com)
SLA resin materials have the benefit of a wide range of formulation configurations: they can be soft or hard, heavily filled with additives like glass and ceramic, or imbued with mechanical properties like high heat deflection temperature or impact resistance. Various resin formulations offer a wide range of optical, mechanical, and thermal properties to match those of standard, engineering, and industrial thermoplastics.
SLA 3D printers offer diverse materials for engineering and manufacturing applications.
In some cases, it’s this combination of versatility and functionality that leads to companies to initially bring SLA 3D printing in-house. After finding one application solved by a specific functional material, it’s usually not long before more possibilities are uncovered, and the printer becomes a tool for leveraging the diverse capabilities of various materials.
Some material properties that are unique to SLA include:
SLA is the only 3D printing technique that can produce transparent parts on the desktop. Ideal for getting visibility into complex assemblies, (micro)fluidics, mold making, optics, lighting, and any parts requiring translucency.
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Parts printed in this material look and behave like a molded silicone part, and are durable enough to use for multiple cycles.
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Offers a heat deflection temperature (HDT) of 238 °C @ 0.45 MPa, the highest heat resistance of any material in desktop 3D printing.
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A 20% wax-filled material for direct investment casting and pressing for dental and jewelry applications.
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Specialized materials for dental applications like biocompatible surgical guides, splints, fixed patterns and models, clear aligner models, and full dentures.
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3D print parts with a stone-like finish and fire them to create a fully ceramic piece.
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See how to go from design to 3D print with the Form 3+ SLA 3D printer. This 5-minute video covers the basics of how to use the Form 3, from the software and materials to printing and post-processing.
The workflow for both FDM and SLA 3D printing consist of three steps: designing, 3D printing, and post-processing.
First, use any CAD software or 3D scan data to design a model, and export it in a 3D printable file format (STL or OBJ). 3D printers then require print preparation or slicer software to specify printing settings and slice the digital model into layers for printing.
Low-cost FDM or SLA 3D printers are not really user friendly and often require many hours of tweaking and experimenting to dial-in the correct print settings.
Still, the results might change with each new design or material and the chance of failed prints remains high. This not only delays projects, but can also lead to messy failures that require a lengthy cleanup process.
Professional SLA 3D printers, like the Form 3, and some other professional FDM printers come with their own proprietary software and predefined settings for each material that have been thoroughly tested to ensure the highest print success rate.
Setting up prints with advanced print preparation tools like PreForm is plug and play. PreForm is a free download, try it now.
Once the 3D printing process begins, most 3D printers can run unattended, even overnight, until the print is complete. Advanced SLA 3D printers like the Form 3 offer a cartridge system, that refills the material automatically.
The final step of the workflow is post-processing. SLA parts require rinsing in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or alternative solvents to remove any uncured resin from their surface.
Using the standard workflow, this involves first removing parts from the build platform, then manually soaking them in a bath of solvent to clean off excess resin.
Professional solutions such as the Form Wash automate this process. Parts can be transferred directly from the printer to Form Wash, which agitates the solvent around the parts to clean them and automatically raises parts out of alcohol bath when the process is finished.
After rinsed parts dry, some SLA materials require post-curing, a process which helps parts to reach their highest possible strength and stability.
The FDM process has the benefit that it doesn’t require cleaning; unsupported finished parts are ready for use or further post-processing once the printing process is complete.
Both FDM and SLA processes use support structures to facilitate 3D printing more complex geometries and their removal represents the last step in post-processing.
Supports on FDM parts need to be manually torn away or dissolved in water, depending on the support material.
Supported FDM prints require additional post-processing to achieve a high-quality finish (source: 3D Hubs).
Support removal for SLA parts requires cutting away the support structures and lightly sanding the parts to remove support marks. Formlabs’ Low Force Stereolithography (LFS)™ technology offer light-touch supports, which allow an entire object to be torn away from its support base in seconds, leaving minimal markings and reducing time spent post-processing.
When further post-processing is required, both FDM and SLA parts can be machined, primed, painted, and assembled for specific applications or finishes. FDM parts, however, require additional sanding before priming or painting and need higher infill levels to be machined or bored.
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How much does an FDM or SLA 3D printer cost and how much time and cost can you actually save with it for your business? Calculating cost per part requires accounting for the costs of equipment ownership, material, and labor.
It’s helpful to understand the factors that influence each of these cost components, and the questions to ask to evaluate alternative production methods and uncover hidden costs.
One of the main selling points for FDM 3D printers is the low machine cost. With entry-level FDM printers available for only a few hundred dollars, hobbyists and small businesses can try FDM to see if 3D printing is something worth adding to their toolset. For those unsure of where to start, the lower cost of an entry-level FDM machine is often persuasive enough to justify a purchase. However, these low-cost FDM printers can be unreliable and often require an expert to keep running in the long term.
Professional desktop FDM printers are easier to use and more tailored to businesses, with prices ranging from $2,000-$8,000. These 3D printers generally provide better reliability, higher print quality, and larger build volumes. While these machines are suitable for producing functional parts, competition at this price point is fierce, as SLA machines offer a wider range of applications and better quality prints.
SLA 3D printers start around $3,750 with Formlabs offering the only accessible large SLA 3D printer solution starting at $11,000.
In terms of materials, FDM filaments are also relatively low cost compared to materials for other 3D printing technologies. Common FDM materials like ABS, PLA, and their various blends generally start around $50/kg, while specialized FDM filaments for engineering applications can be $100-150/kg. Soluble support materials for dual extrusion FDM 3D printers sell for $100-200/kg. In comparison, most standard and engineering resins for SLA 3D printers cost $149-$200/L.
Labor costs are the final—often forgotten—part of the equation. For simple designs that require no supports to print, FDM requires almost no post-processing. Supported FDM prints and parts that require a high-quality finish, however, require lengthy manual post-processing.
SLA parts require washing and, depending on the material, also post-curing, but both of these processes can be mostly automated with accessories to minimize labor time.
Supported SLA prints only require a bit of sanding to remove support marks and achieve a high-quality finish.
As a rule of thumb, FDM 3D printers will create the cheapest parts if you’re printing only relatively simple prototypes in limited numbers. SLA resin 3D printers offer higher resolution, better quality, and a wide variety of 3D printing materials at a slight premium, but the difference quickly diminishes when you print complex designs or larger batches due to the less labor-intensive post-processing.
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Draft Resin is a fast-printing SLA material that can create parts up to 5-10X faster than FDM 3D printers. With a 200-micron layer height, Draft Resin is accurate enough to meet prototyping needs while enabling faster design iterations. Larger models that take up most of the build volume of an SLA printer (around a 15 cm cube) take only around nine hours to print with Draft Resin.
Printing the same part at 200-micron layers on an FDM printer can take 80-90 hours. This is ideal for applications like rapid prototyping, where it allows users to quickly evaluate success and move on to another print or project.
FDM and SLA printing speed becomes comparable when printing parts at similar layer heights with other materials. But note, that a part printed at 100-micron layers on an FDM printer looks vastly different from a part printed at 100-micron layers on an SLA printer, because of the way the layers are built. Achieving comparable quality with FDM parts will require lower layers height —thus two to four times longer printing time— or significant and time-consuming post-processing to improve surface finish.
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One area where FDM printers traditionally reigned used to be build volume.
Due to the differences in technology, developing larger FDM machines is less complex. There are numerous larger FDM solutions on the market for applications that require 3D printing bigger parts.
The inverted SLA process behind desktop SLA printers reduces footprint and cost, but heightened peel forces introduce limitations around materials and build volume, and larger parts require sturdy support structures to print successfully.
With the introduction of the Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) print process that powers the Form 3 and Form 3L, Formlabs has completely re-engineered our approach to resin-based 3D printing to drastically reduce the forces exerted on parts during the print process. Uniform linear illumination and the low forces from the flexible tank mean Low Force Stereolithography technology can seamlessly scale up to a larger print area built around the same powerful print engine.
The first affordable large format resin printer, the Form 3L delivers large parts fast, using two staggered light processing units (LPUs) that work simultaneously along an optimized print path.
Delivering a build volume five times larger than current SLA printers, the Form 3L removes size restrictions that sometimes hinder workflows on smaller desktop devices, while maintaining a competitive price point.
The Form 3L offers five times larger build volume than current SLA printers while maintaining a competitive price point.
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In this demo, Kyle and Chris will expain how to navigate the Form 3L end-to-end workflow, including post-processing.
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Each 3D printing technology has its own strengths, weaknesses, and requirements, and is suitable for different applications and businesses. The following table summarizes some key characteristics and considerations when comparing resin vs. filament 3D printers.
| Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) | Stereolithography (SLA) | |
|---|---|---|
| Resolution | ★★☆☆☆ | ★★★★★ |
| Accuracy | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ |
| Surface Finish | ★★☆☆☆ | ★★★★★ |
| Throughput | ★★★☆☆ | ★★★★☆ |
| Complex Designs | ★★★☆☆ | ★★★★☆ |
| Ease of Use | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ |
| Pros | Low-cost consumer machines and materials Fast and easy for simple, small parts | Great value High accuracy Smooth surface finish Fast printing speeds Range of functional applications |
| Cons | Low accuracy Low details Limited design compatibility | Sensitive to long exposure to UV light |
| Applications | Low-cost rapid prototyping Basic proof-of-concept models | Functional prototyping Patterns, molds, and tooling Dental applications Jewelry prototyping and casting Modelmaking |
| Price | Budget printers and 3D printer kits start at a few hundred dollars. Higher quality mid-range desktop printers start around $2,000, and industrial systems are available from $15,000. | Professional desktop printers start at $3,750, large-format benchtop printers at $11,000, and large-scale industrial machines are available from $80,000. |
| Print Volume | Up to 300 x 300 x 600 mm (desktop and benchtop 3D printers) | Up to 300 x 335 x 200 mm (desktop and benchtop 3D printers) |
| Materials | Standard thermoplastics, such as ABS, PLA, and their various blends. | Varieties of resin (thermosetting plastics). Standard, engineering (ABS-like, PP-like, flexible, heat-resistant), castable, dental, and medical (biocompatible). |
| Training | Minor training on build setup, machine operation, and finishing; moderate training on maintenance. | Plug and play. Minor training on build setup, maintenance, machine operation, and finishing. |
| Facility Requirements | Air-conditioned environment or preferably custom ventilation for desktop machines. | Desktop machines are suitable for an office environment. |
| Ancillary Equipment | Support removal system for machines with soluble supports (optionally automated), finishing tools. | Washing station and post-curing station (both can be automated), finishing tools. |
After comparing the two technologies, we can conclude that FDM and SLA printers both have similar, often complementary features. But the two types of 3D printers are not always competing; many businesses use both as FDM and SLA 3D printers alongside one another. This can mean the best of both worlds: low-cost rapid prototyping coupled with high quality, functional parts for a wider range of applications.
A few practical examples:
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In product development, FDM parts, or SLA printing with Draft Resin are both ideal for basic proof of concept models and rapid iterations. As a project moves forward in the development, SLA 3D printing is ideal for detailed concept models or functional prototypes might require better quality and materials with different properties.
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Both FDM and SLA 3D printing are commonly used in manufacturing to create jigs, fixtures, and other tooling. FDM is better for large, simple parts, while SLA is a better solution for complex jigs, highly accurate tooling, and molds.
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The education industry has seen success in deploying both FDM and SLA machines. Many education institutions start with FDM printing as its low cost is ideal for students who need quick drafts and some hands-on experience with the technology. SLA is the preferred choice for many technical schools, universities, research institutes, and in dental and jewelry education due to the higher quality and wider range of applications.
The University of Sheffield Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) uses a fleet of 12 SLA 3D printers for most engineering and manufacturing applications and reserve five industrial FDM printers for larger parts.
Download our white paper for a detailed overview of SLA ecosystems and the step-by-step 3D printing workflow.
Curious to see the SLA quality firsthand? Pick from our list of applications and request a complimentary sample part to find a material that meets the requirements for your project.
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90,000 3D printing in cinema - how technology has changed the film industry!
For the creators of entertaining science fiction films, there has always been a problem of the real embodiment of the most daring author's ideas. Many fascinating plots did not become masterpieces of world cinema due to weak and unrealistic effects that caused laughter from the audience and criticism from professionals. It seemed that in our era of digital technologies, when any scenes and fantastic attributes can be reproduced using computer graphics, the problems of filling any fantasy film with colorful spectacular details will become a thing of the past. However, screen masters have become convinced that not everything can be created with a graphic image, and therefore directors are still looking for ways to realistically convey the incredible appearance of the intended characters and create amazing objects of the fictional world.
The graphics help to reproduce the overall environment in an incomparable way, but the human eye cannot be deceived and close-ups are often impossible to make believable using the style of a computer game. And then 3D printing came to the aid of directors and cameramen, thanks to the possibilities of which make-up artists and effects specialists today create unimaginable screen images. nine0003
Where and how did the 3D printer work?
A quarter of a century ago, it was hard to imagine that technological and scientific progress would so significantly change the technologies for preparing props for the film industry. Even in such a cult film of 1997 as "Men in Black", which was replete with alien guests, the process of creating unprecedented characters consisted in hand-molding from clay, familiar to the "kitchen" of the cinema. Not a single worthwhile spectacular scenario could do without the work of experienced craftsmen. The manual production of unique layouts and details for effects was time consuming and costly.
And at the same time, there were always risks that the created images would not be able to fully convey what was intended. But 3D printing has changed everything, without which it is now difficult to imagine the process of modern film production. nine0003
Fans of Stranger Things may not know that it was the 3D printer that was used to create objects for the scariest scenes. The task of the authors was to accurately reproduce the atmosphere of the 80s, and to achieve their goals, the creators used a kind of hybrid method, combining the possibilities of graphic editing and 3D printing. As a result, we can say that both technologies perfectly complement each other. From simple sketches of the monster, with which the authors turned to the special effects studio, the creators came to a realistic embodiment on the screen not only of the character himself, but also completely reproduced the whole bewitching inverted world. A striking example of technological interaction is the Demogorgon model, which was created by a 3D printer, but the mouth mucus appeared with the help of graphics, and the fire was brought up for real.
As a result, the viewer is completely immersed in believable footage, and the series has been in the top of the best films since the first season. nine0003
New technologies could not ignore the mastodon of Hollywood fiction, the recognized master and creator of space worlds Ridley Scott. The 2020 series Raised by Wolves, produced by HBO Max, required the director to think outside the box when it comes to screening another sci-fi story in which androids are busy creating a new population of people on a desert planet. Almost all the components and elements of the new world were reproduced by 3D printing. It was only thanks to the technological acceleration of behind-the-scenes production of props and furnishings that the famous director's production team was able to keep up with the tight schedule of working in the challenging conditions of South Africa. Each episode took 2-3 weeks to prepare and shoot. During this time, sketches were prepared, layouts were designed, final details were agreed.
Everything happened with the direct participation of the art director of the picture Yako Snaiman and Ridley Scott himself. nine0003
The most difficult thing was to create the main character of the film - android. This required a head scan of the actress. Next, a transparent polymer copy was printed through which the liquid could be seen. Metal parts were highlighted in chrome, and the containers were filled with water with a common food coloring that mimics yellow acid. Small details of the severed head, muscles, skull were created by the Zbrush program. Many elements were printed separately and assembled together. When installing the details on the actor's head, it was possible to achieve a real feeling that an artificially created person was in front of the audience. If not for the possibilities of 3D printing, no previous technical tricks and skill of design technicians would have allowed the series team to meet the allotted time and give the characters such a realistic look.
nine0003
Most of all, the creators of the Marvel Universe know about the indispensability and practicality of 3D printers. Not a single studio film is complete today without the use of 3D printing technology. Only such fast and precise production is able to provide the film sets with the necessary props. Russell Bobbitt, who is in charge of this direction at Marvel Studios, says that everything that we see on the screen in the hands of the Avengers, on their costumes and in the setting, is created only through printer printing. Without it, such an unthinkable number of objects and details simply would not have been physically possible to recreate. Thor's hammer and Captain America's shield, Iron Man's reactors and hundreds of other elements of a fictional space future - all this became possible only thanks to the latest technologies. Russell remembers first encountering 3D printing on the set of Star Trek in 2009.1999, where director and producer J.J. Abrams introduced him to new technology.
The first 3D printer that Bobbitt himself used cost an insane $150,000. Today, these technologies have become much more accessible. And most importantly - cost-effective. At a time when the financial success of films and series has become directly dependent on the speed of the filming process, when it is necessary to shoot not just spectacular science fiction, but entire series of space battles and sci-fi everyday life in the shortest possible time, only 3D printing provides the film industry with the necessary amount of stage props. Professionals are delighted with the prospects that have opened up and understand that with all the development of computer graphics, the times of 3D printing are just beginning, and the viewer will see more and more incredible frames with real and live special effects. nine0003
Making a movie is an exciting and creative process. The result that the viewer sees on the screen is created by tens and hundreds of people using the most modern technology and digital technologies.
As in any other field, it has its own peculiarities and secrets. We are ready to provide you with all the necessary consumables for the filming process, which you will find on our website kinosklad.ru.
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Black Panther movie. Royal crown-3D: la_gatta_ciara — LiveJournal
I have long wanted to write about 3D printing in the cinema, finally there is a worthy reason.Movie costume allows you to use any materials. Farani used to make headdresses for Pasolini from hemp rope, felt and coconut fibre. Colleen Atwood created the skeleton collar of the Queen of Ravenna from craft pieces. Black Panther costume designer Ruth Carter 3D printed the crown.
Yes, new technologies are rapidly entering our lives. And costume designers are not left out. nine0005 In S. Spielberg's fantasy series "Extant" ("Beyond"), there is an episode in which the heroine says about her clothes, that she prints them out on a printer. How wonderful it would be to implement your design ideas in this way! And how much easier it would be for a costume designer!
Many fashion designers have already turned to the new 3D printing technology - for example, Karl Lagerfeld at Chanel.
But perhaps the most famous and successful 3D printer designer is Iris van Herpen. nine0003
In this video you can see the stages of creating Iris dresses
Her collections are the result of collaborations with artists and architects such as Rem Koolhaas, Neri Oxman, Philip Beasley and Julia Kerner and others.
Ensemble Capriole In collaboration with Isaiah Block and Materialise 3D printing Polyamide
Skirt, top Crystallization, July 2010. In collaboration with Daniel Widrig and Materialise. nine0070
Radiation Invasion Dress, September 2009. Faux leather, gold foil, cotton and tulle.
Magnetic Motion dress, September 2014. In collaboration with Nicolo Casas and 3D Systems.
Julie Kerner, an architect and fashion specialist in 3D printing technology at the University of California, Los Angeles, was approached by Black Panther costume designer Ruth Carter.
Kerner started with computer modeling in architecture and later decided to apply her skills in fashion. As a result: a collaboration with the Parisian fashion house Maison Lesage and the Dutch designer Iris van Herpen. nine0003
Hybrid Holism dress, July 2012. In collaboration with Julia Kerner. 3D printing. UV polymer.
Iris Van Herpen. "Bio Piracy" Ready to Wear Fall 2014. Material for 3D Printing, TPU 92A-1.
Designer Iris van Herpen and architect Julia Koerner, and 3d printing company Materialize
"I started working with Iris in 2012, and in 2013 I created the first flexible 3D printed dress for her - until then, the material cost of any clothing, produced with this technology equated it with haute couture. The models were very rigid, you couldn't really move in them, they were more like museum pieces. What we did in 2013 was a breakthrough - to use flexible printed material, created by Materialize, which allowed us to look at the fashionable possibilities of 3D printing with different eyes.
0003
This Lady Gaga dress was 3D printed from materials and by Materialize.
At the beginning of the post, I remembered Farani, who made costumes for the film "The Gospel According to Matthew" from ropes, felt and gauze. These textures were justified by history itself, based on the description of the life of Christ .
But almost the whole action fantasy film "Black Panther" takes place in the kingdom of Wakanda. This is a fictional African civilization that has advanced a lot technologically, but due to its isolation from the rest of the world, has retained the deep roots of its African culture. Consequently, the costumes in the film had to be very futuristic, and at the same time completely true to their African origins.
The film's costume designer Ruth Carter says: “I felt that Ramonda's silhouette should emphasize her royal status - she should wear a crown, a long dress and a mantle on her shoulders. nine0005 I was told about Julia, who introduced a new technology for printing clothes in 3D.
I was immediately interested in this, because I felt that Ramonda's headdress, modeled after a woman's Zulu hat, should be a perfect cylindrical shape. And since Wakanda was a country with advanced technology, then the royal crown should have reflected this.
So I contacted Julia in Los Angeles and asked her to tell me about 3D costume printing technology. Which she did, after which she developed a program for the crown. nine0005 Zulu hats (or "isicholo") are the traditional headwear worn by the women of KwaZulu-Natal from South Africa. As a rule, these hats are woven from cotton, rope or other vegetable fiber, dyed with ocher, and stretched over a wicker frame.
They appeared in the late 19th or early 20th century and are based on the conical shape of the hairstyle, which indicated the maturity and marital status of the lady. Today they are worn only on special ceremonial occasions, worn over a scarf tied around the head. nine0005 After the crown hats, Julia and Ruth moved on to the shoulder gown, which was inspired by African lace.
The design of this robe was inspired by Gareth Pugh.
Photo from the Gareth Pugh fashion show
Bella Hadid at the Met's recent ball wearing a Gareth Pugh costume could be used for a costume. nine0005 The crowns and gown were laser sintered from polyamide 12 powder. This material provides a high level of precision, strength and flexibility, and is well suited to skin contact, making it ideal for creating suits and fashion designs.
Carter wanted to preserve the natural look of the 3D printed costumes, so they weren't dyed, but left as they came out of print.
Unfortunately, there is no way for everyone to immediately and quickly print a beautiful dress. This process is quite lengthy and laborious: first, a drawing is made, a program is written for it, then the costume itself is printed in fragments, from which the entire model is subsequently assembled. It took half a year to create two headdresses and one mantle of the Queen Mother Ramonda.
