3D printer that prints carbon fiber

Go Strong, Go Carbon Fiber

So, there you have it. Carbon fiber 3D printing lets you make industrial-strength parts with relative ease. Carbon printers aren’t the cheapest machines on the market, but they’re a great investment for any printer user who likes and wants their parts as tough as they come.

We’ve covered many printers, though. If that’s a bit too much to take in, here are our recommendations for the best 3D printers for carbon fiber in different categories.

For a budget carbon fiber 3D printer, pick Qidi Tech X-Plus or Pulse XE. If you need pro-level productivity, Ultimaker S5 or Markforged Mark Two are for you. In case you’re after simple usability, buy XYZ PartPro300 xT. And finally, as the cream of the crop, MakerBot METHOD X Carbon Fiber Edition is the best choice.

Armed with any of these printers, you’re ready to start producing parts that stand out from the rest with their toughness and durability.

The Carbon Fiber 3D Printer Buyer's Guide 2022

Carbon fiber is strong, stiff, light and increasingly affordable to 3D print for companies, engineers and designers. Carbon fiber is an effective replacement for many metal parts in industry, with 3D printing offering faster prototyping, functional testing, and end user part carbon fiber production.

So, for any decision makers looking to implement carbon fiber 3D printing into their workflow, we’ve summarized all your carbon fiber 3D printer options under $10,000.

Chopped carbon fiber filaments are the main filaments used for standard FDM 3D printing.

Most of the lower cost options on this list print chopped carbon fiber filaments, which are tiny sub-millimeter carbon fibers mixed with a standard thermoplastic filament, such as Nylon, ABS, or PLA.

They make the filaments stronger, stiffer and more heat resistant, and print in mostly the same way as the standard filaments, just at higher temperatures and requiring an abrasive-resistant nozzle.

Continuous carbon fibers are long (unchopped and continuous) strands that are laid on top of the original chopped carbon fiber “shell” or “matrix”.

These continuous lengths of carbon fiber are deposited by a second extruder, creating even tougher parts than can absorb tough impacts and distribute heavy loads.

Tips for 3D printing carbon fiber:

• Hardened steel or ruby nozzle: these nozzles better resist the abrasiveness of carbon fiber filaments.
• Print at a higher temperature, as hardened nozzles are less thermally conductive: generally 260°C+.
• Larger nozzle size: se a slightly larger 0.5-0.6mm nozzle rather than a 0.4mm.
• Print slower than you would print standard filaments.

Pulse XE — low cost carbon fiber 3D printer option

• Price: $999 — Available on Matterhackers here
• Build volume: 250 x 210 x 215 mm

Made by trusted 3D printer retailer Matterhackers and inspired from the original Prusa design, the Pulse XE is a low cost carbon fiber 3D printer especially designed to print Matterhackers’ NylonX filament.  

NylonX is a mix of nylon with carbon fibers, with the Pulse XE able to print a range of other carbon fiber filaments thanks to its fitted Bondtech BMG extruder and E3D V6 hot end, along with your choice of either a hardened steel nozzle or ruby-tipped nozzle if you choose to upgrade. It’s marketed as a general advanced materials 3D printer capable of printing a variety of other tougher composite and abrasive filaments.

The Pulse XE offers a far cheaper way of 3D printing carbon fiber, but you’ll likely need the enclosure kit (another $300) to avoid warping as maintaining temperature is more difficult in an open air 3D printer than an enclosed 3D printer.

• We also have a ranking of the best enclosed 3D printers.

Taking after the Prusa, it’s a reliable workhorse 3D printer that can also print standard filaments like metal filled filaments, PETG, and many advanced and abrasive filaments and composites. It prints up to 60mm/s (but be wary with tougher materials and slow down if you face issues), with resolutions of up to 20 microns possible.

You can mix and match and upgrade as you see fit based on your needs and preferences, including a hi-res LCD screen, upgrading to a 32-bit board, ruby nozzle, and a host of other improvements — it’s a very versatile carbon 3D printer that’ll save you some money compared to other 3D printers for carbon fiber if you’re on a tight budget.

Raise3D E2

• Price: $3,499 — Available on Matterhackers here / Available on Dynamism here
• Build volume: 330 x 240 x 240 mm

Raise3D make excellent professional 3D printers capable of large-scale 3D printing and high quality prototyping, and we could have also picked the Raise3D Pro2 Plus as an excellent carbon fiber 3D printer option for larger carbon fiber prototypes.

The Raise3D E2 is an enclosed 3D printer featuring IDEX technologies with Mirror and Duplication modes for efficient and effective dual extrusion 3D printing that still offers good print volumes. It’s fully enclosed, with a controlled heated chamber ideal for printing small to medium-sized carbon fiber prototypes.

• And if you’re looking to print larger (up to 600mm tall) prototypes instead, go for the Raise3D Pro2 Plus.

The Raise3D E2 comes with a host of features that make your workflow easier and more efficient, including filament run out sensors, print resume features in the event of a power loss, and a full-color touchscreen with all analytics viewable during printing. The printer also comes with a flexible build plate that makes removing parts easier without damaging them — ideal for quickly removing carbon fiber prototypes to test them and iterate.

The Raise3D E2 CF is also set for release soon, further adding to the carbon fiber printing potential the E2 offers.

It’s not a specialized carbon fiber 3D printer, but it can handle carbon fiber filaments without issue. Beyond just carbon fiber 3D printing, the E2 also comfortably prints glass fiber infused filaments, PP, PC, Nylon, metal filled filaments, ABS, and more.

Fusion3 F410 — large carbon fiber 3D printer 

• Carbon fiber 3D printer price: $4,999 
• Build volume: 355 x 355 x 315 mm

Offering professional quality and industrial volume at desktop prices, the Fusion3 F410 is one of the top options around if you’re looking for a 3D printer for carbon fiber.

It’s fast — 250mm/s print speed — offers up to 20-micron layer resolution, and is ideal for both businesses and classrooms for 3D printing either larger prototypes or many smaller parts simultaneously for a class. You can add HEPA air filters to keep your print environment more pleasant and prevent any harmful gases being inhaled during the print process.

For 3D carbon fiber printing, the F410’s excellent build volume, large heated bed and enclosed print area make it ideal for high temperature filament printing. It’s been tried and tested with a number of different carbon fiber reinforced filaments, including 3DXTech and various other brands and composites, proving every time to work well. Almost all carbon fiber filaments should be compatible with it, owing to its 300°C maximum nozzle temperature — but you can read the full list of compatible filaments here.

The F410 comes with a hardened steel nozzle that can handle the abrasiveness of carbon fiber and other trickier filaments, and is an ideal carbon fiber 3D printer for under $5,000.

Makerbot Method and Method X Carbon Fiber Edition

• Price: $5,499 — Available on Matterhackers here / Available on Dynamism here
• Build volume: 190 x 190 x 196 mm

Makerbot’s specialized carbon fiber printer, the Method (and Method X) Carbon Fiber Edition, is designed to save businesses costs prototyping and creating, improve productivity, and encourage faster innovation.

The Method Carbon Fiber prints carbon fiber-reinforced Nylon as well as a host of other engineering-grade composite filaments. Makerbot themselves offer two carbon fiber Nylon blends:

• Nylon 6/66: offering fantastic strength to weight ratio and good heat resistance.
• Nylon 12: offering better moisture resistance, as well as a simpler and more reliable 3D printing experience overall.

Both Nylon carbon fiber 3D printer materials work well in structural applications and in general tough part production, with Makerbot championing the materials for replacing metal parts.

In addition to these carbon fiber nylon filaments, Makerbot offer SR-30 soluble filaments that can be dissolved for flawless surface finishes on parts, and a range of other high-quality materials. You can also use other materials as the Method is an open platform for other advanced filaments.

The Method features a 60°C heated chamber, and if you want to go higher, you can instead buy the Makerbot Method X which can reach 110°C to print a wider range of composite materials. You get a dual extruder for multi-material or multi-color 3D printing, and up to 20-micron resolution and 0.2mm dimensional accuracy.

Some may find the smaller than average build volume an issue, especially as if you are planning on using the dual extruder the X-axis maxes out at 152mm rather than 190mm. However, for small and medium part production the Method Carbon Fiber 3D printer is a great overall option, packed with features to maximize prototyping efficiency including a flexible steel build plate for adhesion and quick part removal, a 5-inch full color touchscreen for efficient printer interaction, and a camera for remote print monitoring.

Ultimaker S5

• Price: $5,995 — Available on Matterhackers here / Available on Dynamism here
• Build volume: 330 x 240 x 300 mm

A favorite among designers, prototypers and companies worldwide, the Ultimaker S5 marries fantastic precision and part quality, with the robustness and reliability of a top FDM 3D printer.Switching to the CC print core for 3D printing carbon fiber on the Ultimaker S5.

The S5 isn’t as standard a carbon fiber 3D printer, but can be upgraded by buying Ultimaker’s CC Red 0.6 print core, which seamlessly slips into place to start printing abrasive and advanced filaments like carbon fiber. The CC Red works on both the S3 and S5, but not for the Ultimaker 3.

The upgraded print core transforms the Ultimaker S5, giving you all the S5’s precision and reliability in creating fantastic prototypes, as well as the ability to print carbon fiber composites. You can print with dual extruders without issue, and the S5 comes with a 7-inch full color touchscreen for easy operation and print monitoring, and a removable glass print bed for good carbon fiber part adhesion and easy part removal.

XYZprinting PartPro300 XT

• Price: $5,500 — Available on Dynamism here
• Build volume: 295 x 300 x 300 mm

XYZprinting have expanded far beyond their original horizons when they producing some of the best selling cheap 3D printers around — they now sell SLS 3D printers, a handheld 3D scanner, and full color 3D printers.

The PartPro300 XT is XYZprinting’s venture into making a commercial 3D printer capable of consistently printing advanced filaments like carbon fiber. Its dual extruders are fitted with hardened steel nozzles that can handle carbon fiber’s abrasiveness, and prints at a very fast 300mm/s for the rapid prototyping of large parts in record time.

Like most carbon fiber 3D printers the PartPro300 XT has a regulated heated chamber and enclosure for high quality part production, preventing temperature deviations that could cause imperfections in the prototype. The PartPro300’s filament humidity system prevents conditions from affecting filament quality, ensuring parts are as strong and offer the best surface area possible. Overall, it’s a powerful carbon fiber 3D printer that can print a range of other engineering-grade filaments too without issue.

Markforged Onyx One — for high quality carbon fiber 3D printing

• Price: $3,499
• Build volume: 320 x 132 x 154 mm

Markforged pioneered composite and high quality carbon fiber 3D printing with their professional FDM printer range, before expanding into metal 3D printers with their Metal X 3D printer.

For designers and engineers looking to print carbon fiber prototypes but without the $10,000+ for the Mark Two, the Onyx One is an ideal continuous carbon fiber 3D printer.

The Onyx One prints with Markforged’s specialized Onyx filament, offering great surface finishes and precision. 

Onyx Filament

Specially designed for Markforged’s carbon fiber printers, Onyx is carbon fiber filled Nylon offering high strength, chemical resistance and excellent overall toughness. It can also be reinforced with continuous fibers as a continuous carbon fiber 3D printer filament for even better aluminum-level strength.

Desktop Metal Fiber HT & LT — Professional Continuous Carbon Fiber 3D Printer

• Price: $3,495 per year — request a quote here
• Build volume: 310 x 240 x 270 mm

Combining the exceptional performance of continuous carbon fiber with FDM 3D printing, Desktop Metal say their Fiber 3D printers produce parts stronger than steel, lighter than aluminum, and capable of operating in up to 250°C temperatures.

Desktop Metal use a process called Micro Automated Fiber Placement to apply continuous carbon fiber (or fiberglass) tape along critical load paths using the second extruder, while printing carbon fiber nylon filaments on the first. This creates denser, reinforced parts with excellent strength and low weight.

The Fiber system uses two print heads: one for either continuous carbon fiber (or fiberglass) tape, and one to deposit the carbon-fiber reinforced filament to make up the “shell” or “matrix” of the part. However, if you’re looking for versatility you can switch the materials and instead print with PEEK, PEKK, or PA6 Nylon.

The Fiber carbon fiber additive manufacturing system comes in two options: the Fiber HT, and Fiber LT, a more basic version. The main difference is the Fiber HT can reach high enough temperatures to 3D print PEEK and PEKK, whereas the LT edition prints with either carbon fiber or Nylon PA6.

• We also have a buyer’s guide for PEEK 3D printers.

Desktop Metal’s innovative business model lets you rent their industrial carbon fiber 3D printers for a yearly fee, rather than shouldering the entire cost upfront. This brings professional 3D printing into range for many more smaller companies looking to prototype or produce parts on-demand, making high-quality continuous carbon fiber 3D printing more accessible than ever.

Carbon fiber 3D printing

Researchers at the National Laboratory. Lawrence Livermore claim they are the world's first 3D printed carbon fiber aerospace composites and may be paving the way for sophisticated new printouts.

Carbon fiber is a material that is stronger than steel and at the same time very light. Because of this, it is ideal for the manufacture of parts for the aerospace and automotive industries. However, when creating complex shapes from the material using traditional methods, it is extremely difficult to control.

Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) may have found a way to change that. The Explorers are the world's first 3D printed carbon fiber aerospace composites. And they believe that because of this work, they will be able to control and optimize the use of high specification material.

This is not the first time carbon fiber has been 3D printed. There are many PLA derivatives that can do the same on a regular home printer. However, it is important to note that the difference is that LLNLs have printed aerospace composites.

Previous problems with carbon fiber composites have included the complex techniques required to create parts and overcompensate material due to "performance issues". However, the researchers at LLNL were able to achieve the same material properties as two-thirds through a new 3D printing method.

To achieve this goal, LLNL created its own Direct Ink Printer (DIW) using its own carbon fiber composite "ink". The researchers also patented a method to cure extruded material in seconds, not hours.

They used the computational model shown in the video above to develop models for the flow of carbon fiber filaments in their inks. Julia Kanarska, Analyst, explains:

“We have developed a numerical code to simulate a non-Newtonian liquid polymer resin with a dispersion of carbon fibers. With this code, we can simulate the evolution of fiber orientation in 3D under different printing conditions. We've managed to find the optimal fiber length and optimal performance, but it's still a work in progress. Current efforts are to achieve even better fiber alignment by applying magnetic forces to stabilize them.”

Since the material is conductive, it allows the control of thermal channeling. The use could be in the manufacture of satellite components that - printed in their design - are insulated on one side. That is, they do not require rotation in space.

The next challenge for the research team is to optimize the process. They demonstrated the benefits achieved with this method. But to understand this further, it will mean determining the best way to stack carbon fiber.

Source: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Carbon Fiber 3D Printing Guide: Printers and Materials

Bicycles, race cars, drones and tennis rackets all have a variety of applications and require high strength and durability without added weight. This combination of properties is typical of carbon fiber composites, which are used in everything from Formula 1 racing car chassis to lightweight road bike frames.

Since many 3D printers usually use polymer-based materials, including various composites, many people ask the question: "Can a 3D printer print carbon fiber?".

Indeed, there are two methods by which 3D printing can be used to create carbon fiber parts: supporting traditional fabrication methods with 3D printed molds, or direct 3D printing of carbon fiber composites. In this article, we'll look at traditional fabrication methods as well as new workflows for 3D printed carbon fiber molds and direct 3D printed carbon fiber composite parts.

Combining traditional carbon fiber parts with 3D printing

Carbon fiber is a composite material traditionally made by weaving long strands of carbon fibers together and then bonding them with a polymer. The yarns can be woven strategically so that the strength is directed along one specific vector, or so that the final product has multiple strengths in all directions. The resulting material is then molded into the desired end product using one of three processes: wet laid, pre-laminated, or resin transfer molding (RTM).

Wet Laid

Wet laid carbon fiber sheets are cut and pressed in a mould, then dyed with a liquid resin that cures to bind the sheets into the desired final shape. This method requires the least equipment and is the easiest to master for a beginner. Because most of the work can be done by hand, this is one of the cheapest methods, but the trade-off is that the resulting parts are less accurate to the master mold than parts made by other methods.

Prepreg lamination

In this method, the carbon fiber is already impregnated with resin and then placed in a mold that uses pressure and heat to form the final shape. This method is the most expensive due to the need for specialized equipment to store and process the pre-impregnated sheets, as well as a heated and pressurized forming machine. These factors also make it the most repeatable and consistent, and thus the most suitable for serial production of carbon fiber parts.

Resin transfer molding (RTM)

In RTM molding, the dry fiber is inserted into a two-part mold. The mold is clamped, after which high-pressure resin is injected into the cavity. This method is usually automated and is used to produce large volumes of products.

3D printed carbon fiber parts

For each of the three previous methods, 3D printing can be used to reduce costs and improve production times. All three traditional manufacturing methods require the use of a mold or multiple molds, which are traditionally created through labour-intensive subtractive processes such as wood, foam, metal, plastic or wax. 3D printing offers an alternative way to make molds. 3D printed molds are customizable and are more efficient and cost effective for small batch or custom production.

For applications requiring live prototypes, such as the automotive and aerospace industries, the iterative process can require hundreds of different shapes. Producing such iterations with traditional manufacturing methods can be costly and time consuming, so 3D printing provides an efficient way to produce small batches. Although 3D printed molds are not as suitable for high-volume production as metal molds, they can be created in-house, reducing costs, speeding up product development and validation, and short-term production.

Carbon fiber molds can be made in a variety of ways, but the smooth surface and wide choice of materials for SLA 3D printers make them a common choice for mold making in the factory. SLA-created parts have virtually no layer lines or porosity, so carbon fiber sheets can be pressed tightly into the mold without the fear of creating a textured surface.

Panoz, a manufacturer of racing and sports cars, needed a custom race car cabin duct to bleed the air out of the cabin and cool the temperature inside. In collaboration with DeltaWing Manufacturing, they used a Formlabs SLA 3D printer to print a high temperature resin part and then manually molded that printed part using high temperature epoxy for tooling. By using 3D printing, DeltaWing avoided outsourcing the costly metal mold for this custom carbon fiber part, reducing overall costs and delivery times.

Carbon fiber wing duct next to two piece mold printed with High Temp Resin made by DeltaWing Manufacturing.

Direct Carbon Fiber 3D Printing

Looking for the best carbon fiber 3D printer? There is a strong demand for workflows that combine the strength, durability and wear resistance of traditional carbon fiber parts with the maneuverability, geometric capabilities and cycling of 3D printing. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are many companies offering 3D printing using carbon fiber, with two methods currently available: printing using chopped or continuous fibers.

Chopped Carbon Fiber 3D Printing

Chopped Fiber refers to 3D printing composite plastic materials that are impregnated with small pieces of carbon fibers. These crushed fibers add strength to the composite, which can be carbon fiber filament for FDM modeling or nylon powder for SLS 3D printing.

The main advantages of chopped carbon fiber reinforced materials over other types based on polymers are that they are strong, light, heat resistant and less prone to deformation. Compared to traditionally molded carbon fiber parts, chopped fiber 3D printing provides increased geometric flexibility in part design, especially in SLS 3D printing, potentially eliminating the labor involved with traditional molding or opening up innovative new opportunities for users to incorporate this material into the working process.

The Formlabs Fuse 1+ 30W SLS 3D Printer enables this type of carbon fiber 3D printing with Nylon 11 CF Powder, the strongest material in the Formlabs SLS material library. Fuse 1+ 30W is the most affordable high performance SLS printing option for shredded carbon fibers. Although traditional industrial SLS machines also offer some carbon fiber materials, the initial implementation costs negate much of the added value of 3D printing carbon fiber parts over RTM or prepreg lamination methods.

Formlabs Nylon 11 CF Powder is strong, lightweight and heat resistant making it ideal for the automotive, aerospace and manufacturing industries .

Many FDM 3D printers can handle carbon fiber filaments, but these materials are more difficult to print than standard ABS or PLA filaments, resulting in more clogs and more maintenance as the brass nozzles wear out. FDM 3D printers specifically designed to grind carbon fiber filaments are also available but are more expensive.

The main limitation of chopped-fiber printed parts using both SLS and FDM technologies is that they should be considered as more durable 3D printed parts, rather than a true alternative to traditional woven and continuous carbon fiber parts. fibers. They also provide the greatest increase in strength by positioning them in the X-plane direction for SLS printing, and in the XY-plane direction for FDM printing. Traditional methods of creating carbon fiber parts provide multidirectional strength through careful planning and placement of different carbon fiber sheets in a preform.

Carbon Fiber Continuous 3D Printing

Carbon Fiber Continuous 3D Printing is available on some dedicated FDM 3D printers, and the resulting parts are close in strength to traditional carbon fiber parts, but similar to chopped fiber printers FDM, only in the XY plane. In such printers, continuous filaments of carbon fiber are mixed with a thermoplastic and the filaments can be applied strategically to selectively pressurize certain planes or axes. This method can use either a dual extruder nozzle to lay down a combination of carbon fiber and polymer filaments, or a 2-in-1 in which one nozzle lays down the carbon fiber filaments and the other heats and extrudes the filament.

Continuous carbon fiber 3D printing offers an alternative comparable to traditional molded carbon fiber parts, albeit with limited design freedom. While these parts are incredibly strong, strength only appears in the XY planes and the models must be oriented so that their strength matches the direction of the applied force. In designs where possible, this method can be used to replace aluminum parts, as well as to create durable manufacturing aids or end-use parts.

Applications for 3D printed carbon fiber parts

The high strength, light weight, and impact, heat and chemical resistance of carbon fiber printed parts make them ideal for a variety of applications where 3D printing has never been before. was not considered. Now, these plastic and carbon fiber composite parts can withstand the heat generated by automotive or aerospace engine components, be used as a replacement for machined aluminum parts and manufacturing fixtures, and produce durable and impact-resistant equipment.

3D printed carbon fiber parts are ideal for rapid prototyping, the production of wear-resistant and durable manufacturing fixtures such as tooling and fixtures, and for low-volume production of durable end-use parts with complex geometries.

3D printing technology has opened up new possibilities in design and manufacturing, and 3D printing of carbon fiber composites has further expanded these possibilities, allowing users in the automotive, aerospace, defense, and manufacturing industries to quickly and efficiently produce high-strength, heat-resistant, geometrically flexibility. By bypassing traditional machining or molding processes, these users can more easily create custom parts, replacement parts and functional prototypes. Although carbon fiber printed parts are not a complete replacement for traditional technologies due to the single plane of added strength, they are still stronger than almost all other plastics, making them exceptionally useful in many applications.

The right process for producing carbon fiber parts by molding or directly by 3D printing depends largely on the specific application and factors such as part design, production volume, and more. SLS 3D printing with shredded fibers offers the best option for those who want to produce parts that are strong, but not necessarily to the same degree as traditional molded carbon fiber parts.

Formlabs Fuse 1+ 30W with Nylon 11 CF Powder enables low-funding, fast-paced businesses to quickly iterate and produce end-parts with strength and better mechanical properties than traditional plastics. They can also functionally test their parts and then redesign with only minor CAD changes, improving their product performance and getting to market faster.

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