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What does the house cost us… to print. 3D printers in construction

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Author Evgeny Khramov

Construction projects using 3D printing are now being implemented in many countries around the world. In the USA, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Italy, Germany, China and even India, affordable and affordable housing is already being produced using this technology.

More recently, we have addressed the topic of 3D printing. Many of us have been using such printers for the production of various souvenirs or useful household items for a long time. Serious and expensive models of printers have found their place in medicine, dentistry or jewelry workshops. With the help of such devices, architectural bureaus and designers present their solutions to customers and create conceptual plans for “cities of the future”. However, 3D modeling is not limited to the creation of small products. Rather, on the contrary, this is only the tip of the iceberg that is most visible and accessible to most of us. What is hidden under it?

For example, we can take such an unusual business for our country as the production of small architectural forms or the construction of residential buildings using a 3D printer. The first building produced using 3D printing technology appeared in Russia in the winter of 2017. It was printed as an experiment (and perhaps an advertising project) in the city of Stupino near Moscow. The printing process looked and the final result was very unusual: working with a concrete solution at -35 ° C immediately turned many professionals against the project. The small area covered by the "hand" with the head for printing, imposed restrictions on the living area of ​​the building, and the two-month period required for concrete to gain the required design strength completely untied the hands and tongues of various experts and critics of various calibers. In fairness, it should be noted that many of the comments were well-founded and constructive. For example, it was not clear how the supply of the necessary communications was implemented. Questions were asked about the strength of the structure included in the calculations, and it was assumed that without reinforcement, the house would sooner or later fall apart. Professionals were interested in how it is planned to make floors in multi-storey structures. All of these questions were perfectly valid. But! Behind all the shortcomings and "dampness" of the project, the specialists did not see (or did not want to see) the main thing - freedom! Freedom in the design and implementation of projects that could not be imagined before.

The fact is that in Russia and in most of the CIS countries the architectural school dominates, the foundations of which were laid back in the USSR. Do you know what was best designed and built at that time? That's right: factories, dams, nuclear power plants and even spaceports. But with residential housing construction, it did not work out very well. Will anyone dare to call the block-panel masterpieces of domestic housing construction beautiful and comfortable housing, specially created for the convenience of people? Now look at any sleeping area in your city: if you put aside new, more practical materials and construction technologies, you will see the same planning solutions, the same rectangular chopped architecture and rooms into which the sun hardly peeks. Our mothers and fathers grew up in such an urban environment. Perhaps the generation of our children will grow up here.

Despite the persistent skepticism of domestic professionals, not everyone shares their opinion. Now the implementation of construction projects using 3D printing is carried out in many countries of the world. In the USA, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Italy, Germany, China and even India, affordable and affordable housing is already being produced using this technology. An example is the non-profit charitable foundation Habitat for Humanity, which has adopted this technology. The foundation builds social housing for the needy, buildings for educational institutions in poor countries and works on all continents. The Foundation recently completed two projects in the US using a 3D construction printer.

Indian startup Tvasta has built the country's first 3D printed house. In just 21 days, the house was completely ready for occupancy.

Germany-based Peri 3D Construction has partnered with a Danish manufacturer of concrete 3D printers to build a residential building in the small West German town of Beckum. An interesting feature was the choice of material. The building was printed using a patented cement-based i.tech 3D solution developed by one of the most influential manufacturers in the construction industry, HeidelbergCement.

Of course, the new technology has a number of bottlenecks and temporary shortcomings. The question of the setting speed of the cement mixture remains open: the minimum temperature at which it is possible to work with cement-based mortars is + 5 ° C. And if in countries with a hot climate the question of freezing the solution does not occur to anyone, then in Russia, with its frosts, few people will agree to buy expensive equipment and use it only a few months a year.

Building commercial buildings using 3D printing requires revision of many building standards and a series of tests to confirm the necessary safety margins. It is also impossible to discount the traditional inertia of developers' thinking and the direct conflict of commercial interests on the part of already existing construction companies. The money invested in the production of traditional building materials cannot be abandoned and put up with losses. The investment should justify itself and bring profit for as long as possible. Probably, these reasons are the main obstacles to new construction technologies in our country.

Maybe that's why the Apis Cor project, created by an entrepreneur from Irkutsk, Nikita Chen-yun-tai, was marked in Russia only with the stamp of a rather unusual “yellow house”, with the description of which this article began.

It is somewhere far away, in the United Arab Emirates, that the engineers of a Russian company built the largest building at that time, which was included in the Guinness Book of Records - an event that brought worldwide fame and recognition to a small start-up from the outback. Here, in Russia, it is perceived by the majority as some kind of funny little thing, nothing more. Judging by the latest information in Russian, dated as early as 2020, the company, most likely, also does not consider our country a priority for promoting its projects. Any links on the web redirect to the English site of the Apis Cor showroom in Melbourne (Florida, USA). There you can see beautiful and well-thought-out projects of houses that will definitely be built for you personally. Sorry, I made a mistake - not for you, but for the people of the United States. And, frankly, for some reason it does not please me at all ...

Now we can download models of useful household trifles and souvenirs for free solely for our own pleasure. Perhaps, after some time, we will take a finished house project online, modify it a bit to fit our needs and place an order for its implementation. Take a copy of this magazine or open its electronic version and go out onto the balcony, compare the photos in this article and the reality in which you live. And if the view that opens up does not please you at all, think about it, maybe you are destined to create technology that will radically change the lives of most people for the better.

IT Expert magazine [No. 02/2022] Journal subscription

Published on 02/25/2022

3D PrintingBuildingReal Estate

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