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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Filament Review

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What is PET?

This page covers the pure PET, sometimes referred to as ‘PETP’. We will cover other PET modifications, including PETG, on separate pages.

 

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is a polyester-based material that combines excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties with very good chemical resistance and dimensional stability. PET also has low moisture absorption features and good flow properties, making it a great material to use for waterproof containers such as food and beverage storage. It is a great material to use for making lightweight products such as potted planters, insulated bottles, or tupperware.

 

It is a 100% recyclable material, but recycled material may have a softer surface that could make it prone to wear and tear.

What can you use PET for?

PET is a thermoplastic available in many forms for traditional manufacturing. PET is available in pellets for injection molding and extrusion, as well as in sheet for thermoforming. PET filament can therefore be used to mimic the performance of products we come in contact with on a regular basis, and can also be used in some tooling applications.

PET for 3D Printed Tooling

PET can be used to produce tooling as a stronger, stiffer alternative to ABS, including:

  • Thermoforming molds
  • Jigs and fixtures
  • Assembly aids

PET for Prototypes and Production 3D Printing

PET can be a suitable material for electronic applications requiring good heat resistance, dimensional stability, strength, and/or chemical resistance, including:

  • Lighting frames
  • Lamp housings
  • Check valves
  • “White good” connectors

Consult your engineering team to understand the limitations for 3D printed parts compared to those made traditionally.

PET Material Properties

Typical properties for molded PET test specimen include:

  • Tensile Strength: 42.5 - 63.6 MPa
  • Tensile Modulus ≅ 3,500 MPa
  • Elongation at Break ≅ 70%
  • Elongation at Yield ≅ 4.5%
  • Flexural Strength ≅ 82.5 MPa
  • Flexural Modulus ≅ 2,450 MPa
  • Glass Transition Temperature ≅ 70°C
  • Heat Deflection Temperature (1.8 MPa): 71.6 - 80.0°C
  • Hardness ≅ Shore D 82
  • Density ≅ 1.4 g/cc

Disclaimer: The above information is provided in good faith. JuggerBot 3D assumes no obligation or liability for the accuracy or completeness of the information supplied in this document. It is solely the customers responsibility to determine if the product and information in this document are appropriate for the customers end use. Responsibility for the use, storage, handling, and disposal of the products herein is that of the purchaser or end user.

3D PRINTER Requirements AND SETTINGS

Different brands and strands of PET may require changes to the processing parameters and/or configuration of a 3D printer. Operators should always check for the suggested printing parameters provided by the material manufacturer. Your machine manufacturer can also be a great resource for processing knowledge.

DSM Additive Manufacturing suggests a print speed between 50-100 millimeters per second, and states that the preferred extruder temperature be set to 270°C, although the material can be extruded between 265°C and 300°C. They recommend setting the bed temperature between 60°C and 100°C, and an enclosed printer is preferred to best results.

3D Printing with PET - the procedure

It is critical that operators take the proper material handling precautions to prevent moisture pick up and contamination. DSM Additive Manufacturing suggests bringing cold material up to ambient temperature in its closed packaging to prevent moisture condensing on filament. Material should be dried at 80°C for at least four hours.

Did you know that JuggerBot 3D’s additive systems incorporate built-in dryers? Learn more about how operators can maintain the ideal material composition and process control.

Operators are encouraged to make sure the 3D printer is “cleaned” before and after production. For instance, DSM Additive Manufacturing suggests extruding at least 50 millimeters of material through the nozzle before starting a print, and purging the nozzle with PLA or PETG after printing. They also advise operators to remove PET filament from the machine before shutdown.

An enclosed build chamber is recommended for printing PET, and a heated build chamber is preferred. The build surface should be free of direct and grease, which can be cleaned with ethanol or acetone before applying any adhesion promoters, such as Magigoo, 3D-Lac, or glue.

After a part is finished printing, operators may want to leave the printed part in ambient conditions for at least four hours post production.

Contributor's Bio:

Greg Costantino is the New Business Development and Application Specialist at DSM Additive  Manufacturing, a business unit of Royal DSM, NV. He is responsible for developing and executing the  strategy for business development in the N. America region. Some of his key responsibilities are  identification and analysis of markets for growth, strategic planning, project management and  coordination of new product development.

Greg Costantino | New Business Development & Application Specialist | DSM Additive Manufacturing

DSM – Bright Science. Brighter Living.™

Royal DSM is a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials. By connecting  its unique competences in Life Sciences and Materials Sciences DSM is driving economic prosperity,  environmental progress and social advances to create sustainable value for all stakeholders. DSM  delivers innovative solutions that nourish, protect and improve performance in global markets such  as food and dietary supplements, personal care, feed, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, automotive,  paints, electrical and electronics, life protection, alternative energy and bio-based materials. DSM’s  23,500 employees deliver annual net sales of around € 9 billion. The company is listed on NYSE  Euronext. More information can be found at www.dsm.com.

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To learn more about PET please contact Dan at [email protected]

3D Printing Service for Cincinnati, Ohio

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Your Cincinnati, Ohio 3D Printing Service: 3D Prototypes and Production Parts

A Global Leader in Industrial-Grade 3D Printing

Xometry is an industry-leading 3D printing service. Whether you need prototypes or production parts, we can make them for you in as fast as a day. We are your one-stop-shop for accurate, precise custom 3D printed parts at a low cost. Upload your 3D CAD file to get a quote and lead time within seconds. We use the latest additive manufacturing processes to build affordable functional prototypes & end-use parts in over 60 metals and plastics.

We offer eight high-quality 3D printing processes including selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, direct metal laser sintering, polyjet, Carbon DLS, binder jet metal, and HP Multi Jet Fusion. We use commercial and industrial-grade printers such as Stratasys Fortus 900mc and Fortus 450 FDM, EOS Polymer Laser Sintering (SLS) and DMLS, Concept Laser, SLM Solutions, 3D Systems, ExOne, and more.

Xometry's High Quality 3D Printing Services

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a powerful 3D printing technology that produces highly accurate and durable parts that are capable of being used directly in end-use, low-volume production, or for rapid prototyping.

An additive manufacturing layer technology, SLS involves the use of a high power laser (for example, a carbon dioxide laser) to fuse small particles of plastic powders into a mass that has a desired three-dimensional shape. The laser selectively fuses powdered material by scanning cross-sections generated from a 3-D digital description of the part (for example from a CAD file or scan data) on the surface of a powder bed. After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness, a new layer of material is applied on top, and the process is repeated until the part is completed.

Download the SLS Design Guide.

Stereolithography (SLA)

Stereolithography (SLA) is a robust 3D printing technology that produces extremely accurate and high-resolution parts that are capable of being used directly in end-use, low-volume production, or for rapid prototyping.

SLA is an additive manufacturing process that focuses an ultraviolet (UV) light on a vat of photopolymer resin. It offers higher resolution printing than many other 3D printing technologies, allowing customers to print parts with fine details and surface finishes. SLA 3D printing is a highly-versatile platform for making custom parts in prototype and production settings; often acting as a stand-in for injection-molded plastic parts.

Xometry offers both standard and high-resolution options for fine detail parts, and can also print larger sized parts and products, with some materials offering up to a 58" inch build area. In addition, Xometry's manufacturing partner network allows us to offer a larger variety of materials than other 3D printing companies - we offer a wide range of both Accura and Somos brand materials.

Download the SLA Design Guide.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a 3D printing technology widely known for its speed, accuracy, and competitive cost. A machine precisely extrudes melted plastic filament to create a part. Parts are very rigid, especially compared to Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), which makes them a great fit for projects with a rigidity requirement. Xometry's FDM solution offers large build volumes up to 24″ x 36″ x 36″, a variety of colors, and a diverse selection of production-grade thermoplastics — from ABS to Polycarbonate to Ultem.

Download the FDM Design Guide.

HP Multi Jet Fusion (HP MJF)

HP Multi Jet Fusion is a new 3D printing technology that produces highly accurate and durable parts that are capable of being used directly in end-use, low-volume production, or for rapid prototyping. Since the process uses well-established 2D printing ink-jetting, it has remarkably fast layer times compared to other powder bed fusion technologies.

Download the HP Multi Jet Fusion Design Guide.

PolyJet 3D (PJ3D)

PolyJet 3D is a 3D printing technology known for its customizable material properties and excellent surface finish. It works by jetting UV curable resin onto a build tray in a process that is somewhat similar to inkjet printing. PolyJet 3D printing offers one of the most advanced industrial 3D printing solutions available, producing parts with incredible precision and speed. It also supports a wide variety of build materials including rigid and rubber-like plastics. Xometry's PolyJet solution has a maximum build envelope of 19.3 × 15.4 × 7.9 in. (490 × 390 × 200 mm) in a variety of colors and materials.

Download the PolyJet 3D Design Guide.

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS)

Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) is an 3D metal printing technology that builds prototype and production metal parts from a CAD file using a laser to selectively fuse a fine metal powder in either stainless steel or aluminum materials. A DMLS machine is capable of producing highly complex features and all-in-one assemblies using metal materials that would be difficult to achieve with subtractive manufacturing techniques.

Our DMLS metal 3D printing service typically offers build volumes up to 250 x 250 x 325 mm, but we may be able to accommodate larger part volumes upon request in the quote. (See our Manufacturing Standards for more details) A good first step is to find out the cost of the parts you need using DMLS and compare them to other 3D printing processes and CNC machining.

Download the DMLS Design Guide.

Carbon DLS™

Carbon DLS™ uses digital light projection, oxygen-permeable optics, and programmable liquid resins to produce products with end-use durability, resolution and surface finish. This 3D printing technology is called Digital Light Synthesis™, or DLS for short. Another legacy term for the process is Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP). Along with Carbon’s custom liquid resins, DLS unlocks new business opportunities and product designs previously impossible, including mass customization and on-demand inventory of end-use products.

Carbon bridges, and sometimes substitutes, for processes like Urethane Casting and Injection Molding service production, because the materials are urethane-based or epoxy-based, giving excellent mechanical properties. There are even elastomer and silicone resins that outperform most additive manufactured rubber-like materials.

The typical build area is 7.4” x 4. 6” x 12.8”. Parts with dimensions exceeding 4” x 4” x 6” will require manual review.

Download the Carbon DLS Design Guide.

Metal Binder Jetting

With binder jetting, an inkjet print head quickly deposits a bonding agent onto a thin layer of powdered particles -- either metal, sand, ceramics or composites. This process is repeated, layer-by-layer, using a map from a digital design file, until the object is complete. Binder jetting is offered through our Digital RFQ Marketplace through Xometry's partnership with ExOne.

Download the Binder Jetting Design Guide.

Locations near Cincinnati, Ohio

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Texas scientists master 3D printing of bulk electronics

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A research team at the University of Texas at El Paso has learned how to 3D print free-form 3D electronics, allegedly fully automating the manufacturing process. nine0006

Since 2014 research has been funded by the Army Research Laboratory in Maryland and the US Air Force Research Laboratory in Ohio. In particular, the military is interested in the possibility of full-fledged 3D printing of drones, but scientists are confident that automated additive manufacturing of bulk electronics will find application not only in the military-industrial complex.

“We can make charts of any shape. You can embed electronics in ammunition, glasses, shoes, or even coffee mugs. You sit in a restaurant, drink coffee, and when the level of the drink drops to a certain level, the server receives a signal and sends a service command, and you don’t even need to say anything. The point is to make electronics ubiquitous,” says project leader Prof. Raymond Rumpf. nine0006

“Getting the CAD, code generator and 3D printer to work together proved to be the biggest challenge. Usually, if you're making an electronic circuit, you need to do two things: you start with a sheet of plastic on which you apply the conductive traces, and then you put the electronic components on top of them. Our method is unique in that it allows you to combine these processes, and do it in three dimensions and with complete design freedom. Now we can just load 3D files, run the equipment and get the finished part,” says doctoral student César Vaye. nine0006

The researchers use the nScrypt 3Dn hybrid multifunctional 3D printer as production equipment, which combines the technologies of layer-by-layer fusing of polymer rods, conductive inkjet printing and laser processing. In addition, the laboratory is equipped with Ultimaker and MakerBot FDM 3D printers.

The design and 3D printing of bulk electronics will make it possible to create conformal and integrated circuits with little or no increase in volume or mass. In addition, Professor Rumpf believes that automated additive manufacturing of electronics will allow small businesses to take on the role of electronics manufacturers and oust large corporations. In other words, we are talking about a paradigm shift from mass production towards unique, customized electronics in single copies or in small series.

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