3D printer hardened nozzle

3D Printer Nozzle – Brass Vs Stainless Steel Vs Hardened Steel – 3D Printerly

Your printer’s nozzle has started wearing out and negatively effective the quality of your prints, even to the point where your first layers won’t stick down properly.

Or you received your new 3D printer and don’t like the factory nozzle that comes with it. Now you want to replace your nozzle but have a choice of nozzles that you want to know works best.

This is why I’ve decided to write this article, to help you decide which nozzle to go for, and to explain the differences between the main choices. You have Brass, Stainless Steel & Brass nozzles.

The best nozzle for 3D printing is brass for any basic 3D printing since it has good thermal conductivity

The short answer here is, if you want the best quality nozzle for your prints, you will most likely get that with Brass if you are printing non-abrasive filaments. If you want to print food-safe or medical grade parts, then Stainless Steel is the best option. If you want to print abrasive filament, Hardened Steel is the way to go.

There are more details in this topic that you’ll want to know about, so keep reading on to get some good info that will help your 3D printing journey.

If you are interested in seeing some of the best tools and accessories for your 3D printers, you can find them easily by clicking here (Amazon).

Brass

If you are after a brass nozzle to purchase quickly, I would recommend the LUTER 24-Piece Brass Nozzle Set. Not only are you getting a wide range of brass nozzles sizes with a storage box, it’s also the highest rated on Amazon, mainly because of the premium quality and the great price.

Compatible with MK8 extruders such as the Ender 3, Creality CR-10, MakerBot, Prusa I3 and many more.

Most 3D printers come with a brass nozzle and there’s a very good reason for it.

Brass has great thermal conductive properties meaning it transfers heat from your heater block to nozzle to filament much more efficiently than other nozzle materials.

Brass does however have it’s drawbacks which is why other nozzle materials have been introduced in the 3D printing field.

Brass happens to be a relatively soft metal meaning if it scrapes the bed surface or you print with abrasive filament, it can wear down and damage your nozzles.

A brass nozzle is usually fine when printing non-abrasive filament such as PLA and ABS without certain additives. When you have additives like glass, carbon fiber or metal particles it will increase it’s abrasiveness and be more likely to damage a brass nozzle.

The damage that tends to happen is grooves and ridges on the inner part of the nozzle, closing off the nozzle hole, or increasing the diameter of the hole making it unusable.

Not only are brass nozzles cheaper, they also are easier to machine and manufacture.

Practically speaking, there is no significant advantage you’ll gain by using a Stainless Steel nozzle unless you are printing abrasive filament.

Most people that 3D print are usually printing with PLA, ABS or similar materials that aren’t abrasive.

In these cases, a good quality brass nozzle will do more than fine, although you could do with an upgrade compared to some of the factory brass nozzles you get with your 3D printer.

Stainless Steel

If you are after a stainless steel nozzle to purchase quickly, I would recommend the 20 PCs USPacific Stainless Steel Nozzles with Needle Cleaning Kit. It comes with 4 nozzles with a 0.4mm diameter.

Stainless Steel is one of the other popular nozzle materials that you’ll see people using. It’s main benefit over the brass nozzles is it’s better wear-resistance.

Though it’s wear resistance is better, it isn’t the best out there.

Stainless Steel nozzles are great at fighting against abrasive filaments and not getting worn down.

They can be frustrating to print with due to their likelihood of heating poorly, reacting to retraction and cooling and may cause more clogging.

Check out my article on how to Unclog & Prevent Clogging in Your 3D Printer.

Usually if you tweak your settings to a good level, it shouldn’t be too much of an issue.

The main unique property of stainless steel nozzles is their ability to prevent filament covering the nozzle, so it stays cleaner than most other nozzles.

It may look nicer, but I wouldn’t consider a Stainless Steel nozzle as an upgrade unless it’s for abrasive filament.

You can use Stainless Steel nozzles for basically any material.

The other main benefits that Stainless Steel nozzles have over the other nozzles is it’s food-safe and medical-grade properties.

It can safely be used in applications where food will be involved as it has been accepted by the FDA of being food-safe. Other nozzles don’t share this same benefit.

That is it’s main use, it can print with abrasive materials but Hardened Steel is better suited to this.

Hardened Steel

Hardened Steel nozzles are the next step up in wear-resistance compared to Stainless Steel nozzles.

This is simple steel that has been specially treated to be extremely wear-resistant and can last users a year and beyond with heavy use.

You definitely want to be using hardened steel nozzles when you plan to print with abrasive filament.

The way nozzles are manufactured, it’s difficult to get a smooth interior finish, with metals that are harder.

It’s better to have a smooth interior to be able to extrude evenly. That’s where Hardened Steel falls short, but not so much that it won’t give you high quality prints because they definitely can.

I’d go with the GO-3D Hardened Steel Nozzle from Amazon. They are rated highly, abrasion and corrosion resistant, and compatible with most 3D printers using an M6 thread like the Ender 3.

Thermal Conductivity

So as previously mentioned, brass has the best thermal conductivity so it makes things easier to print with.

Brass nozzles have the ability to melt filament faster, and at a lower temperature because there is less of a difference in temperature between the nozzle and the thermistor.

The thermal conductivity of Stainless Steel and Hardened Steel isn’t bad, but you may have to adjust your temperature settings to get optimal results.

You can also decrease your cooling fans so your material can harden properly before the next layer is extruded.

After you have your ideal settings, it shouldn’t give you issues but it will take some trial and error.

For example, the Steel nozzles can have a hard time heating up as quickly or retaining the required heat that you want for certain materials.

It’s a good idea to use a highly thermal conductive metal to print higher temperature materials but it isn’t a requirement.

Stainless Steel nozzles fall short when it comes to heat conductivity, to the point where your printing may be affected. The level of abrasion resistance that you get some one of these nozzles is far higher than brass, but is still vulnerable to highly abrasive filaments like carbon fiber.

This is where you want to opt-in for a hardened steel nozzle at a minimum. Not only do they have far higher abrasion-resistance, they have better thermal conductivity too!

The difference in price isn’t something that should put you off, so I would recommend going for a Hardened Steel Nozzle if you plan to print something more exotic, or an abrasive composite filament.

The reason why heat-breaks are made of steel is because of the same reason, steel conducts heat poorly compared to brass.

It basically means it takes longer for the nozzle to get to a high temperature and can have trouble maintaining that constant temperature, especially when you have high printing speeds and cooling fans.

You can sometimes compensate by printing slower, but you may see the negative effects of this lower thermal conductivity through the filament not flowing out as well. You ideally want to use Stainless and Hardened Steel nozzles when necessary rather than as a default.

Durability

When it comes to which nozzle material is the most durable and will last the longest, it goes in the order hardened steel, stainless steel then brass.

Some people have been printing exclusively with hardened steel nozzles and it easily lasts them over a year.

If you don’t like the hassle of constantly changing nozzles after printing with abrasive filaments, it’s definitely a smart move to change to Hardened Steel.

Some users have been using their Hardened Steel nozzle for several spools of Nylon X (very abrasive) and it’s still producing great results after months.

This just goes to show the wear-resistance and durability of these materials.

Just be aware of the possible sacrifices in print performance depending on what materials you are printing.

Typical Stainless Steel nozzles are harder than brass, but it’s much softer than Hardened Steel and more likely to last longer against abrasive filament.

Effects on Print Performance

Many people will assume that a Steel nozzle is going to be superior to a Brass nozzle because it’s a harder, more durable metal that is more commonly used.

If you look into the real reasons why Brass is used, and it’s beneficial properties, you’ll realise that this isn’t necessarily the case.

You do have to keep in mind the possible drop in performance of these nozzles due to the lower thermal conductivity. There is the possibility of a bottleneck where the melting and heating of the plastic inside the nozzle gets blocked up.

In terms of performance, if we compared each type of nozzle material, Brass would take the prize. Stainless Steel is fine when you are printing materials like ABS and PETG.

When comparing performance, it’s hard to say there is a definite benefit that Brass or Steel nozzles have over each other, but there are definitely important factors in play.

For example, when it comes to Steel nozzles you are more likely to get a lower printing speed than with brass because the heat conduction on brass means filament melts faster, meaning higher extrusion speeds.