3D print tiles


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Flooring, Tiling, and 3D Printing « Fabbaloo

By Charles Goulding on February 2nd, 2022 in news, Usage

Tags: eth, flooring, voxeljet

3D Printed Floor Slab – Philippe Block [Source: Fast Company] 

Charles R. Goulding and Preeti Sulibhavi look at how 3D printing might affect the flooring market.

Some of the most under-stated components of a building are flooring and tiling. There are several reasons for this. One being the fact that they are often left for background aesthetic and are usually not given much thought to. Things are changing, thanks to help from 3D printing.

Flooring and 3D PrintingVoxeljet’s ceramic material for 3D Printed Casting Shells for Tiling [Source: TCT Magazine] 

There has been a project, a decade in the making, where new floors can leave a noticeably smaller carbon footprint and use less concrete and steel. Flooring systems used in building construction are responsible for a large part of the greenhouse gases (GHS) emitted in the construction industry, which is responsible for one-third of worldwide GHG emissions.

To better deal with the construction industry’s carbon emissions, a team of architects and engineers at ETH Zurich, a premier institution of higher education, who have developed a floor slab that requires only 30% concrete and 10% reinforcing steel of traditional floors.  With building construction and operation leading to about 8% of global carbon emissions this is a great development, and it uses 3D printing technology to achieve these stellar results (as seen above).

Swiss researchers have gone further and have used 3D printing to fabricate funicular flooring systems to reduce concrete use as well. Due to the layered nature of 3D printed objects, they have tensile strengths lower than most materials in the construction industry, but their compression durability is very high.

A team of researchers from Block Research Group at the Institute of Technology in Architecture, of the ETH Zurich, has used 3D printing to create flooring using arch geometry where the weight is pressed onto the tip of the arch and then gets distributed throughout the whole floor slab/shape since it resolves the force into compressive stresses while simultaneously eliminating tensile stresses.

Tiling and 3D PrintingKUKA Robotic Arm 3D Printing Concrete [Source: KUKA Robotics]

Netherlands-based Studio RAP is building an architectural structure that will integrate 3D printed ceramic tiles.  Titled, “New Deft Blue,” the project combines clay 3D printing, computational design and artisanal glazing. The KUKA robotic arm is what is really behind the 3D printing process of the ceramic tiles as well as for concrete structures as well. Materials for the tiles are chosen for high durability and low maintenance. Even glazing 3D printed tiles works out more economically because 3D printing allows for “painting with shape” enabling smooth transitions between hues of blue and white that only 3D printing allows for.

The robotic arm allows for an algorithmic approach for 3D printing the design of tiles while considering specific manufacturing constraints all the while generating the desired tile geometry.

The Research & Development Tax Credit

The now permanent Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit is available for companies developing new or improved products, processes and/or software. 

3D printing can help boost a company’s R&D Tax Credits. Wages for technical employees creating, testing, and revising 3D printed prototypes can be included as a percentage of eligible time spent for the R&D Tax Credit. Similarly, when used as a method of improving a process, time spent integrating 3D printing hardware and software counts as an eligible activity. Lastly, when used for modeling and preproduction, the costs of filaments consumed during the development process may also be recovered.

Whether it is used for creating and testing prototypes or for final production, 3D printing is a great indicator that R&D Credit eligible activities are taking place. Companies implementing this technology at any point should consider taking advantage of R&D Tax Credits.

Conclusion

There are many reasons to consider advances in flooring and tiling. Some of the reasons include climate change and other global concerns, while others include manufacturing cost, efficiency and design constraints. Whatever the reasons for integrating 3D printing into flooring and tiling fabrication, the results are spectacular.  

By Charles Goulding

Charles Goulding is the Founder and President of R&D Tax Savers, a New York-based firm dedicated to providing clients with quality R&D tax credits available to them. 3D printing carries business implications for companies working in the industry, for which R&D tax credits may be applicable.

View all of Charles Goulding's posts.

3D tiles, 3D floor tiles, 3D pano, custom 3D tile production, stereo vario tiles, 3D tile printing, 3D skinali, 3D wall tiles

Our company is the only supplier and manufacturer of real 3D tempered glass tiles in Russia with 3D effect (depth, volume, movement). And now we are ready to share this innovative modern development in the field of finishing materials with you. Now everyone can feel like a designer and make their home, art object, office, shopping area or commercial space brighter, more dynamic and original. Instead of ordinary and boring ceramic tiles, 3D tiles allow you to place a photo of the night lights of New York, a paradise in the Maldives, juicy fruits or any other image of your choice. Our designer will embody any of your fantasias and wishes.

3D tile is a new word in interior design.

3D tiles are rapidly gaining popularity in the market of facing materials. It is made on the basis of special impact-resistant 3D glass. This type of glass has a high-precision lens raster (lenticular) on its surface, which allows you to get a stereo effect and makes the coating non-slip and non-staining, because the glass itself is glossy and rather slippery. Your attention is represented by 3D panels, 3D floor tiles, 3D wall tiles, as well as 3D skinali (apron) for the kitchen, exclusive products, mass-produced products and individual interior solutions. The manufacturing technology of tiles allows you to achieve not only volume, but also add the effect of movement, blinking, shine or resizing of the image.

CATALOG 3D TILES
3D floor tiles 330x330mm 3D floor tiles 450x450mm

3D wall tiles 330x500mm
3D photo panel

Stereo tiles have an unlimited scope:

  • floor tiles 3 D bathroom and other room tiles
  • wall tiles 3 D for all interiors
  • skinali 3 D , kitchen apron
  • panels 3 D , including advertising panels

The main advantages of our 3D tiles and 3D panels over ceramic, plastic and other materials from which similar products are made are:

  • really three-dimensional pattern with various surface effects
  • non-slip and non-staining top layer
  • durability (more than 10 years)
  • impact resistance (complies with GOST 30698-2000 and DSTU B V. 2.7-110-200)
  • heat resistance (up to 200 ⁰C)
  • UV resistant
  • waterproof
  • increased wear resistance (corresponds to group 4 (PEI IV) in medium to high traffic areas)
  • 3D glass tile, easy to install, no special skills are required and the installation process is comparable to laying ordinary tiles. 3D tiles are made of tempered glass and are harder to break than ceramic tiles, they cannot crack. Ease of care and resistance to any household chemicals is an important advantage.

    We offer both ready-made 3D tile solutions from our own, as well as custom-made with your drawing and imagination. It can be 3D panels, 3D floor tiles, 3D wall tiles, as well as 3D skinali (apron) for the kitchen exclusive products, mass production products and individual solutions for your interior. Our designers will help to create a unique image of your apartment or premises.

    You can buy 3D tiles and 3D panels from us. To do this, you need to call us and our managers will help you and give you a full consultation. You can also come to us to see samples of 3D tiles live.

    Delivery to other regions of Russia is carried out through a transport company.

    Design and style of ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware

    +7 (495) 966-18-01

    Mon-Fri 8:00-20:00

    Sat-Sun 8:00-20:00

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    3dplitka.ru Knowledge base Ceramic tiles: design and style

    The hackneyed expression that fashion does not stand still applies, among other things, to modern interiors. Keeping pace with the times, tile and porcelain stoneware manufacturers are constantly working to make new materials even more luxurious, interesting and practical.

    In our catalog you will see thousands of collections of facing ceramics, among which you are sure to find one that will serve as the basis for the interior in your chosen style. Given the complexity of the choice, 3Dplitka.ru offers a small guide to the world of tile design, which will tell you about traditional textures and colors, as well as the latest, most fashionable trends.

    Tiles with the texture of natural stone have been holding leadership among finishing materials for walls and floors for several years now (Pamesa Cr Pisa collection)

    Classic style: tiles imitating natural stone

    Imitation of natural minerals is one of the most popular trends in the design of ceramic tiles. The invention of porcelain stoneware and the advent of digital printing technologies make it possible to copy any natural stone. At the same time, artificial materials often surpass the original in strength and are more resistant to moisture, abrasion and temperature loads.

    Our online store offers several thousand collections, which differ in the way they are made and in the pattern, but marbled tiles play a leading role in them. The excellent decorative qualities and outstanding performance characteristics of this material are highly valued not only in private, but also in commercial construction. The luxurious sheen of marble tiles emphasizes the elitism and richness of the environment, so designers very often use it when decorating expensive restaurants, English-style apartments, etc.

    Having exploited the theme of natural marble for a long time, manufacturers have learned to recreate any of its shades - white, black, red, gray, aquamarine and others. So that the finish can fit into any interior, factory designers offer many variations with a wide variety of color transitions and veins. It can be not only a complete imitation (for example, realistic tiles imitating the most expensive Carrara marble), but also a modern interpretation of a stone surface with gold or silver veins.

    Blue marble effect tile from the Decovita Caspian collection (Turkey) is an excellent proof that the possibilities of modern ceramic production are truly endless and there is no talk. The same can be said about artificial onyx - outwardly it looks like marble, but it differs in a more ordered structure of the veins.

    Important! Of course, the best porcelain stoneware with the texture of natural stone can be found at the Italian manufacturers Atlas Concorde, Brennero, Fap Ceramiche and others, but be prepared for a fairly high price. If the materials of the middle or premium segment are too expensive for you, then we recommend that you turn to more affordable offers from manufacturers from other European countries, as well as Russia and China.

    Tiles for high-tech, loft or techno interiors

    Rotary printing allows manufacturers to offer materials whose natural counterparts lack durability or practicality. So, choosing interior decoration in one of the modern styles, you can not go past concrete, brick, slate, sandstone or plaster tiles. Of course, there is no particular color variety here, since the predominant shades are black, white and gray. Designers recommend paying attention to the products of Delacora, Laparet and Atlas Concorde Russia, as having the best combination of price and quality.

    If you still associate the loft style with gray, unimpressive textures, then the floor tiles from the Tau Ceramica Metal collection will easily convince you otherwise. and the prevailing contour images of flora and fauna, geometric shapes and arbitrary lines will emphasize the originality and elegance of the setting in the Art Nouveau or minimalist style. Although the main color in this case is white, there are other options on the market with cream, ash or pearl variations.

    Attention! In most cases, minimalist tiles offered by ceramic factories have a matte, structured or polished surface. At the same time, it will not be difficult for you to find materials with a glossy finish if you use the product filter on our website.

    The elegant simplicity and sophistication of Art Nouveau requires a matching backdrop, such as the expressive tiling of Equipe Micro

    French style, or Provence, is the choice of people who like pastel shades and soft, unobtrusive patterns. Tiles from many manufacturers will help create a gentle and romantic atmosphere, but Provence tiles from Spanish factories Dune, Azulev and Porcelanosa, Russian New Trend and Alma Ceramica, Chinese Nsmosaic and Polish Tubadzin can be especially distinguished here. Combined with a finish that imitates a wooden board or parquet, it will make the space warmer, cozier and more comfortable. Features of the Provence style require a small-format finish, so materials sized 10x20 cm, 20x20 cm, 20x30 cm are best suited for walls, including tiles in the “boar” format.

    Although France is the birthplace of the Provence style, the tiles of Italian or Spanish masters (porcelain stoneware Sant'agostino Vita (Italy)) will best emphasize its advantages

    Features of patchwork tiles

    a blanket will organically fit into the environment only if its brightness and detailing correspond to the general concept of the room. To do this, manufacturers produce patchwork tiles, which differ in both the shape and number of geometric patterns, and color saturation. Since the decoration itself is one of the strongest decorative elements, it is most often used not in a continuous way, but in order to place the necessary accents or highlight the necessary zones. For example, for facing an apron in the kitchen or as a "carpet" on the floor.

    Attention! Patchwork tiles are a favorite of many Spanish factories, so you will find the highest quality and most beautiful stylization in the catalogs of factories Equipe, Mainzu, Porcelanosa and others. unique and most recognizable among many other patterns (Dual Gres Chic collection)

    Oriental motifs

    Designers are inspired by Andalusian and Moroccan tiles, which have been known since the 13th century, to create tiles with an oriental pattern. Based on the original geometric patterns, the artists create new, even brighter and more colorful designs that allow you to appreciate the charm of Arabic tiles and think about their integration into the space of your own home. Multicolored patterns and zellige mosaics (Arabic for “small polished stone”), enhanced by a variety of colors and textures, will make the space more dynamic and memorable. Oriental-style tiles will be appropriate everywhere - in the bathroom, living room and even on the terrace. It perfectly complements the interior in a classic or modern style and goes well with any furniture and decor.

    Golden decor and characteristic patterns in oriental style are popular today not only in the Arab world, but also in our country (AltaCera Morocco collection)

    Country and rustic or rustic style

    Finishing a la rustic in the same way , as well as country-style tiles, is an ideal material for country houses, the interior of which must be organically integrated into the natural environment. Ocher, gray-green or turquoise pastels, as well as other calm shades, allow you to get closer to the rustic aesthetic and create the illusion of a measured, leisurely rural life. Rustic interior design allows the use of a variety of materials, so we have collected many collections with the texture of aged wood, stone, glass, clay ceramics and other natural materials. I must say that rustic tile is an extremely versatile finishing material. By integrating it into a modern interior, you can get extremely original and stylistically advantageous combinations.

    Rustic Serenissima Cir Quintana tiles recreate just a fraction of the charm of rustic interiors, but still enough to appreciate them

    Majolica and tiles with ethnic designs multi-colored patterned tiles. Manual production and sophisticated manufacturing technology makes the material a piece goods and one of the most expensive types of finishing ceramics. At the same time, for those who are not ready to overpay, manufacturers offer a modern interpretation in the form of ceramic tiles with prints created according to ancient motifs. Among the authentic patterns of "unrefined" majolica, you will definitely come across an ornament that reflects the national characteristics of a particular country - tiles with the image of vyshyvanka, rice paper texture, bamboo texture or hieroglyphs.

    Moreover, on sale you can find entire collections of ceramic tiles in the ethno style, reflecting the characteristics of the cultures of the peoples of the world.

    Spanish tile Ribesalbes Granada, although not made by hand, will allow the interior to be recharged with the energy of ancient ceramic production

    Terrazzo tile

    Behind the rather exotic name lies well-known porcelain stoneware with numerous color inclusions. Its economy version can still be found on the floor of public buildings of the Soviet era. Meanwhile, terrazzo tiles have been known to mankind since ancient Greece, in which clay-lime floors were “decorated” with ordinary pebble filler. Today, manufacturers offer materials not only with gray and white, but also with a colored background, diluting it with chaotic spots of the most intricate shape. By the way, modern technologies have greatly simplified the process of producing terrazzo tiles, using rotary and digital printing to reproduce the original texture. The magnificent stylization of the antique finishing material can be seen in the collections of many factories, but Kerama Marazzi, WOW, 41zero42, Meissen (Mei) and other manufacturers from Spain, Italy and Germany were especially successful in this style. 9

    Retro and vintage tiles their identical. In fact, if you're planning on decorating your interior in a vintage style, then you'll have to look for authentic antique pottery. But retro-style tiles are in the catalog of any manufacturer. It can imitate the original clay tile or resemble a patchwork, majolica or ethno finish.

    Important! For a retro interior, small tiles with soft, unobtrusive shades and a concise pattern are best suited. The main thing is that it should correspond to the reproduced era and be in harmony with other furnishings.

    Imitation of wood and other natural materials

    We have already talked about the imitation of natural materials above when considering natural stone finishes. It's time to talk about no less popular prints that reproduce the pattern of natural wood. Wood effect tiles are used in the interior as widely as marble, however, they are not associated with the cold luxury of the palace hall, but with a warm, cozy and homely atmosphere. As in the case of natural stone, here you can find a wide variety of colors and textures - bleached oak, almost black wenge, aged deck boards, etc. The presence of a wide variety of formats allows you to imitate a rustic wooden floor, parquet laying or solid flooring from valuable types of wood, which perfectly reflects the features of the interior in a Mediterranean style.

    Venis Vancouver porcelain stoneware with a parquet pattern, although inferior to natural wood in terms of thermal insulation, however, it has no equal in strength and durability. The use of original natural textures in the interior is often expensive and not practical, so a high-quality replacement with finishing ceramics will achieve the task at a minimum cost. Italian and Spanish masters are considered unsurpassed in this matter, so look for the desired collection in the assortment of Atlas Concorde, Gardenia Orchidea, Pamesa, etc.

    Three-dimensional patterns

    The last thing I would like to tell you about is directly related to the name of our online store 3Dplitka.ru. As you may have guessed, we are talking about a tile with a pattern, the repeated repetition of which forms three-dimensional images. The 3D cube pattern appeared several centuries ago and is experiencing a real renaissance in our time. Today, volumetric texture is used both for the traditional zoning of space, and in rather bold experiments with the illusion of parallel space. The 3D effect is often achieved by combining ceramic tiles with multiple layers of microlens plastic to create the illusion of depth and thereby push the boundaries of small spaces.

    The possibilities of modern ceramic production are simply endless, and multilayer tiles with a realistic 3D pattern

    are proof of this. Nevertheless, even this will be enough to know the current trends in the world of interior fashion, and use them in your own design research. We will be glad to see you among the buyers of our online store in the very near future.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #texture #style #decor



    Wood effect floor tiles and porcelain tiles: beautiful and practical

    If you are looking for a high quality floor material that looks good, brings warmth, comfort and luxurious design to your home, then wood effect floor tiles are the perfect choice. It is an excellent alternative to wood finishing materials where the installation of a wooden floor is not allowed due to increased wear or high humidity - in offices, bathrooms, saunas, etc. Like other types of building ceramics, tiles and porcelain stoneware with a pattern under wood will forgive you for bad treatment due to dirty shoes, spilled liquids, rather strong physical impacts and abrasion loads. You can use it in wet rooms, outdoors and in high traffic areas without worrying about losing its beautiful appearance.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #laying #design #for floor

    Anti-slip tiles: characteristics, features, selection criteria

    Ceramic tiles have a lot of advantages, due to which they are very often used as a durable, wear-resistant and hygienic floor covering. At the same time, when moisture gets in, finishing ceramics become slippery and can provoke cases of domestic injuries. To eliminate this danger, modern manufacturers offer to use several types of non-slip tiles. We offer you to understand the technical characteristics and features of the choice of ceramic flooring for both indoor and outdoor surfaces.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #steps #clinker #anti-slip #for floor #For bathroom #for kitchen

    Mosaic in the interior: types, features, design

    Mosaic, which allows you to make the decoration of walls and floors more interesting and intricate, has been known since ancient times. Builders have always appreciated it for the ability to veneer any curved surface, and designers for its artistic value and expressiveness. For many centuries, the dignity of this unique material has always been overshadowed by the fact of its high cost. And although with the advent of industrial production technologies, mosaic tiles have become accessible to everyone, they still stand apart, occupying a niche of one of the most beautiful and luxurious finishing materials.

    #tile #design #decor #for floor #for walls #For bathroom #for corridor #for kitchen

    How to choose a tile for a kitchen backsplash

    A kitchen backsplash is of great practical importance, because it protects the wall near the work area during cooking, washing dishes and other processes taking place on the work surface. For this reason, the finishing coating must be heat-resistant, durable and easy to clean. And, of course, everyone strives to ensure that the apron participates in the formation of a stylish, modern interior. It is not surprising that the best solution to this issue is ceramic tiling. Today you will learn how to unleash the full potential of this truly unique finishing material.

    #design #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #texture #style #for kitchen

    How to calculate how much ceramic tiles you need for a renovation

    Accurate calculation of the amount of ceramic tiles for floors or walls in the bathroom, kitchen and other areas of the house is necessary for several reasons. If you buy material with a large margin, then after the repair there may be too much surplus that simply goes into the trash - you won’t be able to return them. Taking a tile "back to back" hoping that if it is not enough, then it will be possible to buy the missing amount, is also not worth it. Even if you find the exact same finishing material on sale, then most likely the other batch will differ in tone and caliber.

    #design #tile #porcelain stoneware #laying #the size #cutting

    Floor tiles: the right choice

    Ceramic tiles or porcelain stoneware? Small or large format? With rectified edges or rounded chamfer? When it comes to arranging the floor in the kitchen or bathroom, we want to find the best option. This is not easy to do, because in addition to the technical characteristics of the material itself, many other factors have to be taken into account - the purpose of the room, its design, size and illumination. We offer to analyze the most significant selection criteria and listen to what experts say about this.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #for floor #For bathroom #for corridor #for kitchen

    Tiles and porcelain tiles: are there any differences and how significant are they?

    Porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles are competitors when it comes to finishing our bathrooms, kitchens or hallways, or are they the perfect complement to each other?

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #characteristics #for floor #for walls

    Bathroom tiles and porcelain tile

    One of the most important decisions you make when designing a bathroom is the choice of ceramic wall and floor tiles. Both the conformity of the interior to the accepted style and the moments related to the safety and practicality of the finish will depend on this. There is a wide selection of tiles on the market that differ in manufacturing technology and texture, have a variety of colors and designs, but this does not mean that every collection will fit well into any bathroom. Before making the final choice, you should evaluate the issue of interior design in its various aspects.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #design #for floor #for walls #For bathroom

    Tiles and porcelain tiles for the kitchen

    In order for the kitchen to please with an impeccable interior and be convenient and comfortable, many different factors must be taken into account when arranging it - from the arrangement of furniture and utensils to lighting and color combinations of furnishings. An equally important role is played by the decoration of walls and floors, which should serve as a beautiful background and at the same time be practical and durable.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #laying #design #for kitchen

    Tile 60x120 in a standard bathroom 170x170: photos of interiors and price

    A selection of interiors, how tiles 60x120 of different designs look like in a standard bathroom 170x170.

    #design #tile #porcelain stoneware #laying #For bathroom

    Characteristics of tiles and porcelain stoneware: basic parameters that everyone should know

    When choosing a ceramic tile, you should not be limited only by its size, design and texture. Of course, for the interior, these factors play a decisive role, but it is imperative to take into account the technical characteristics of the material - water absorption, frost resistance, slip resistance, etc. Since finishing ceramics are constantly exposed to the external environment, they will prevail in matters of ease of maintenance, safety and durability.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #characteristics #polished #matte #the size

    Steps made of clinker and porcelain stoneware: pros and cons, manufacturers and prices

    The requirements that are put forward for finishing stairs are one of the most stringent in the field of facing work. Materials for steps should not only ensure safety during movement, but also be combined with the rest of the interior, withstand high physical exertion and withstand the effects of the external environment. Previously, only one material met such high criteria - natural stone.

    #porcelain stoneware #steps #clinker #how to choose #characteristics #texture #anti-slip

    Seamless porcelain tile: material properties, features of choice, manufacturers and prices

    The absence of flaws and perfectly even laying of tiles without seams evokes a feeling of aesthetic satisfaction and indicates a quality repair. Probably, each of us experienced similar emotions, admiring the brilliant marble coating of a modern shopping center or a large office. At the same time, many wondered how beautiful and appropriate such decoration would be in the interior of their own bathroom, hallway or kitchen.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #polished #matte #texture #print #for floor #for walls #For bathroom #for corridor #for kitchen

    Ceramic tiles: the latest trends in interior design

    Ceramic tiles, which are considered one of the most durable and practical finishing materials, have another indisputable advantage. In skillful hands, she is able to emphasize the dignity of the room and at the same time hide its shortcomings. A wide palette of shades and textures is an excellent opportunity to create an indescribable atmosphere of harmony and warmth in your home. And, of course, get a stylish, modern interior in accordance with the latest trends in the fashion world. Professionals tell about what techniques can be used for this.

    #design #tile #porcelain stoneware #laying #texture #style #decor #print

    Laying tiles on the floor and wall: popular options and their features

    In the information materials on our website there are many interesting and useful articles about new tile collections, criteria for choosing finishing materials and methods for arranging rooms in accordance with the latest trends in the world of interior fashion . Today we will look at popular styling methods. Since this issue is inextricably linked with the design features of the premises and the issues of choosing high-quality facing ceramics, it is necessary to decide how the tiles will be laid first of all.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #clinker #laying #cutting #style #for floor #for walls

    Varieties of porcelain stoneware: choosing the ideal option

    Although porcelain stoneware belongs to relatively young types of building ceramics, it has already managed to become “number one” among finishing materials. Its high popularity is due to both high wear resistance and durability, and excellent decorative qualities - the same glossy porcelain tile is often confused with natural marble.

    #porcelain stoneware #clinker #how to choose #characteristics #polished #matte #the size #texture #for floor #for walls

    Size of wall and floor tiles: recommendations from experts

    Some 30-40 years ago there were no problems with the selection of tiles by size. On sale there was mainly a plain square or rectangular tile, made in a compact or ultra-compact format. The "collections" of that time did not differ in the variety of design - most often, the choice was limited to plain tiles or tiles with a poor floral ornament.

    #tile #porcelain stoneware #how to choose #laying #the size #cutting #for floor #for walls

    Porcelain stoneware 60x120: secrets of popularity, market overview

    The demand for porcelain stoneware, which is used for interior and exterior decoration, is growing every year.


    Learn more