(506) 2240-6804
3D printer for architecture
The 10 Best 3D Printers for Architects in 2022 (Including for Printing Scale and Other Architectural Models)
Welcome to the Thomas guide to the best 3D printer for architects 2022. Thomas has been connecting North American industrial buyers and suppliers for more than 120 years. When you purchase products through our independent recommendations, we may earn an affiliate commission.
Creating concept models for client presentations, or to display on a construction site, is a big part of any architect’s job. An architectural model provides clients with a physical representation of the design so they can get a sense of the proportions on a small and manageable scale. Although essential, creating models can be extremely difficult and time-consuming to do by hand, but with the help of 3D printers, architects can get accurate and attractive scale models in no time.
3D printers are valuable additions to architectural projectsImage credit: Shutterstock/CobraCZ
The best tools for any practicing architect to make scale models are 3D printers. They typically use some kind of plastic for printing, but specialty 3D printers can also print with metal or liquid resin. Although the process requires digital modeling and technical skills from an architect, it can result in more accurate and realistic models.
Using any CAD software, architects will first transform their design into a 3D digital model at a specified scale. The model can then be exported into an STL format and sent through slicing software to create instructions for printing. The printer is then informed through a USB cable, an ethernet cable, or over a Wi-Fi connection. After just a few hours of printing, architects will be left with clean and accurate models. This efficient system also allows users to easily go back and forth to make multiple iterations based on client feedback without starting all over again.
3D Printers for Architectural Models—Buying Guide
Although 3D printers for architects could be the same ones used for any traditional printing job, there are a few specifications to look for that are essential when printing items in this industry.
Size
When looking for a printer, although the overall dimensions may help to determine if the machine will properly fit in a space, the most important thing is the build volume. These measurements reflect the maximum amount of space there is for printing.
For professional architects, a 3D printer with a large volume capacity is the best, as it can accommodate a wide variety of sizes and shapes. It will also have more room for printing larger models that will be more visible to a client. However, a smaller volume may be suitable for those who plan to work on a very small scale or have a small office space.
Speed of the Printing Process
In the architectural field, quick and efficient 3D printers can be beneficial when printing multiple pieces to combine into a larger model, or when designing multiple buildings for a single project. The print speed is represented by mm (or microns, though mm could also refer to millimeters) per second and this number can give buyers an idea of the maximum level of efficiency for printing.
That being said, different filaments and model designs may have specific geometry and speed requirements that need to be followed for the best printing results.
Print Quality
Many different factors can lead to optimal printing quality, but the best way to determine this is by referring to the layer resolution. The resolution is in mm, which measures the layer thickness or height. The lower this height, the better the overall resolution can be. High resolution is essential when trying to print fine details or smooth edges. However, for specific jagged models, or increased efficiency, a lower resolution may be the way to go. A higher layer thickness can also minimize the number of defects that occur during printing.
A smaller nozzle diameter is another way to increase the amount of detail, but most 3D printers on the market have a 0.4 mm nozzle diameter.
Adhesion is also very important in getting better quality prints, as it will keep the model in place during printing but will allow the user to remove the print safely when the job is done.
Having an additional print bed with different build plate temperatures will optimize the performance during printing and create this effect.
Other Considerations
There are many more features available on 3D printers than just the basic specifications. While not all of these add-ons are necessary, they can make the job a lot easier and expand the possibilities of printing.
Ease of Use
Proper leveling is the best way to ensure that a print is going to be accurate and stable during the process. One leveling method is automatic leveling. This is a great feature as it is one less step for the user to worry about. 3D printers can also include many other automatic features to make the job easier, such as self-cleaning or automatic feeding for filament loading.
An easy control system, like a large touch screen, is another feature that can make the whole experience more intuitive.
Material Compatibility
What type of filaments can be used for printing will likely depend on the type of extruder.
The printing manufacturer will often specify what materials can be used, but some models will come with multiple replaceable extruders to satisfy a larger variety of filaments. More advanced designs might even have swappable print cores or an open-source filament system to increase the range of materials that are compatible with the printer.
While the standard printer has a single extruder, some have two in one machine. This allows for a lot more complexity, as users can print multiple materials into one model. The same can be done with various colors, and some models use gradient mode to blend the filament colors together.
Thomas’ Top Picks for the Best 3D Printers for Architects 2022
To make modeling much more efficient, there are many great options on the market for 3D printers for architects.
Best 3D Printer with a Large Build Volume: ANYCUBIC Kobra Max | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with a Fast Printing Speed: XYZPrinting Da Vinci Mini Wireless 3D Printer | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with a Dual Extrusion Feature: Flashforge Creator Pro 2 | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with a Smart Extruder: MakerBot Replicator+ | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with a Touchscreen Interface: Qidi Technology X-Plus| Buy Now Best 3D Printer with Filament Recognizing Technology: Dremel DigiLab 3D Printer 3D45 | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with Semi-Automatic Leveling Technology: ANYCUBIC Chiron | Buy Now Best 3D Printer with an Onboard Camera: Flashforge Adventurer 3 Pro| Buy Now Best 3D Printer for Printing Different Materials: Ultimaker S3 | Buy Now Best Budget 3D Printer: Creality Ender 3 | Buy NowScroll down to read more about these top picks for the best 3D printers for architects, according to many happy buyers.
*Prices listed in this article were as shown in US$ on amazon.com, bhphotovideo.com, and matterhackers.com (USA) as of August 2022
1. Best 3D Printer with a Large Build Volume—ANYCUBIC Kobra Max
By ditching an enclosed design and incorporating a large print bed, the ANYCUBIC Kobra Max provides architects with lots of printing space and flexibility to create very large-scale models and the opportunity to print building models that have unique proportions, like skyscrapers.
When working with a larger print volume, running out of filament in the middle of printing can be a concern. Yet with this machine, it can detect when there is no more material and pauses the printing process so users can resume function without error.
Printing is so much more efficient with the Kobra Max, as it has a high printing speed of 180 mm per second. The addition of automatic calibration enhances printing efficiency, not to mention makes things more precise.
“These are incredibly quiet and have a massive build volume,” wrote one shopper. “The print quality is incredible.”
Specifications
Build volume: 17.7 x 15.7 x 15.7 in.
Layer resolution: 0.05-0.3 mm
Maximum speed: 180 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$629.99, Amazon2. Best 3D Printer with a Fast Printing Speed—XYZPrinting Da Vinci Mini Wireless 3D Printer
Although the XYZPrinting Da Vinci mini printer doesn’t have the fastest print speed on the list, it has a high maximum speed of 120 mm per second that is the best for most materials, and is five times faster than most other brands. It has high efficiency while still maintaining the best printing grade overall.
One user confirmed the machine produces “quality prints and is very fast at completing jobs.” Printing set-up time is also minimized with the extruder only needing two minutes to heat up.
Users don’t need a tangled bunch of wires and cables to get the job done either, as the printer has wi-fi connectivity.
This option is smaller than traditional 3D printers for architects, but it is perfect for compact architecture models or when completing architectural projects from home, where there isn’t a ton of workspace.
Specifications
Build volume: 5.9 x 5.9 x 5.9 in.
Layer resolution: 0.1-0.4 mm
Maximum speed: 120 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$219.95, Amazon3. Best 3D Printer with a Dual Extrusion Feature—Flashforge Creator Pro 2
The Flashforge Creator Pro 2 has dual extrusion that opens up the realm of possibilities when it comes to making architectural models. Users can use the dual extruder heads together to get multiple colors in one piece or add two different filament materials.
Each dual extruder can also be used independently to create two mirrored pieces or exact replicas. This feature is great when working with complex building models or when needing to print several identical pieces, as it can do so efficiently and with accuracy. One happy customer found that after using this printer every day, it has “worked flawlessly.”
A few reviewers did note that the printing bed tends to stick to the model, which can be an issue when removing the print post-processing. A user found “that if it is still a little warm, it's easy to get the print off the bed with a little effort.” Another buyer suggested using a razor blade to remove the model.
Specifications
Build volume: 7.87 x 5.82 x 5.9 in.
Layer resolution: 0.1-0.4 mm
Maximum speed: 100 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$649, Amazon4.
Best 3D Printer with a Smart Extruder—MakerBot Replicator+ The extruder that comes with the MakerBot Replicator+ is advanced and reliable, thanks to over 160,000 hours of testing. It has a nozzle diameter of 0.4 mm and includes automatic jam detection. It even monitors when the filament has run out to save printing progress.
This technology ensures the highest quality of printing with little to no room for failure. Beyond the extruder, the printer itself is also very reliable and durable. It can be used for over 380,000 hours and is built with heavy-duty powder-coated steel for extended longevity.
One reviewer from another seller wrote, “All the parts that I have printed are precise and have fine detail given the accuracy of the printer.” The printer comes equipped with lots of user-friendly design features that expand upon the traditional methods of printing. This includes remote control of multiple printers through the cloud, device control from an LCD screen, an integrated camera, and wifi or USB connectivity.
Specifications
Build volume: 11.6 x 7.6 x 6.5 in.
Layer resolution: 0.1-0.4 mm
Maximum speed: N/A
BUY NOW:
US$1,999, B&H Photo Video5. Best 3D Printer with a Touchscreen Interface—Qidi Technology X-Plus
With a 4.3-inch touchscreen, the user interface on the Qidi Technology X-Plus is very easy to control. Users can manage all aspects of the printer, down to leveling, with a single push of a button. One happy shopper confirmed, “The touch screen is very nice and the controls are self-explanatory.”
With a large print bed, this machine is excellent for creating any type of architectural model. Not only does the size allow for versatility, but it comes with two types of extruders for correctly printing a range of filaments, from carbon fiber to TPU.
The plate on the print bed is reversible and capable of handling different materials and preventing poor adhesion. It is even removable to ensure that the scale model can be safely taken off after printing.
Specifications
Build volume: 10.6 x 7.9 x 7.9 in.
Layer resolution: 0.05-0.4 mm
Maximum speed: 150 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$699, Amazon6. Best 3D Printer with Filament Recognizing Technology—Dremel DigiLab 3D Printer 3D45
The filament recognizing technology on the Dremel DigiLab 3D printer perfectly adjusts the temperature according to the filament. This ensures the best possible print quality without any extra work from the user. As if the process wasn’t easy enough, the bed automatically levels itself.
For more control, the system also incorporates an LCD screen.
Many reviewers were pleased to find that the set-up and printing were also very efficient and painless.” To my surprise, this printer is ready to roll right out of the box,” wrote one customer. “Within about two hours, I had my first print.”
With less warping and clogging and a minimum layer resolution of 0.05 mm, this is the perfect tool for getting fine details in architectural models. Another buyer commented, “The resolution can be dialed in to make the most amazing prints at a very fast speed.”
Specifications
Build volume: 10 x 6 x 6.7 in.
Layer resolution: 0.05–0.3 mm
Maximum speed: N/A
BUY NOW:
US$1,999, B&H Photo Video7. Best 3D Printer with Semi-Automatic Leveling Technology—ANYCUBIC Chiron
The ANYCUBIC Chiron printer uses semi-auto leveling, which requires initial manual calibration but will continue to automatically level itself before each use.
This means that users get the benefits of consistent and accurate adjustments while maintaining the option of manual control.
One customer found that the feature “works very well” and will take users “about an hour to complete, but once you're done, you won't have to do it again unless you move your printer.”
The print head also has extreme precision, and to get the best quality architectural models, the bed is both heated and coated. Not only does this prevent warping during the process, but it also simplifies the process of removing models, leaving no damage behind.
Specifications
Build volume: 15.75 x 15.75 x 17.72 in.
Layer resolution: 0.05–0.3 mm
Maximum speed: 100 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$469.99 (Was US$579.99), Amazon8. Best 3D Printer with an Onboard Camera—Flashforge Adventurer 3 Pro
The Flashforge Adventurer 3 Pro is an enclosed design with an HD camera that allows users to keep an eye on their printing job, even when they are not home.
The camera is connected to a cloud storage system, allowing access from any connected device.
If something goes wrong while operating this technology, users can take control of the job as well as manage projects on other printers. Although the printing area is smaller, the enclosed design offers more consistent temperatures and quieter performance.
The whole thing is pre-assembled and “comes ready to go right outside the box,” according to one reviewer. Many other customers were amazed at how easy the machine was to control, thanks to the touchscreen system. One buyer, in particular, confirmed, “It’s so user-friendly, everything worked immediately.”
Specifications
Build volume: 5.9 x 5.9 x 5.9 in.
Layer resolution: 0.1–0.4 mm
Maximum speed: 100 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$399, Amazon9.
Best 3D Printer for Printing Different Materials—Ultimaker S3 With swappable print cores, the Ultimaker S3 can print virtually any material to fit a wide print range. The printer has been tested with more than 200 materials, allowing immense versatility when making architectural models.
The dual extrusion makes it possible to print two different materials in the same concept models. This can make for more complex, structurally sound, and attractive pieces. This is a professional-level printer and is a great model to have at a well-established firm or personal office.
With that, there are many advanced features to get the best results, such as a glass plate and precise automatic leveling. Ultimaker also has its own software for managing the printer and Cura software for preparing the print, all for free.
Specifications
Build volume: 9 x 7.
4 x 7.9 in.
Layer resolution: 0.02–0.2 mm
Maximum speed: 24 mm³/s
BUY NOW:
US$4,450, MatterHackers10. Best Budget 3D Printer—Creality Ender 3
It’s true that most 3D printers are quite an investment, but the Creality Ender 3 is the best affordable option for architecture students or those who have a strict budget. The build space is open and fairly large, making it a great size for a range of complex architectural models.
Although it is inexpensive, this printer integrates certain features to ensure smooth printing, such as a glass bed and an extruder that prevents clogging and improves accuracy.
One shopper wrote, “I honestly don't think I can find a better printer on the market for the same price or cheaper.” This set is only partially assembled, but one reviewer found that it “went together easy enough; simple instructions.
”
Specifications
Build volume: 9.84 x 9.84 x 8.66 in.
Layer resolution: N/A
Maximum speed: 180 mm/s
BUY NOW:
US$189.99, AmazonThe Best 3D Printer for Architects—Summary
When looking to efficiently print models for architecture, the ANYCUBIC Kobra Max (US$629.99, Amazon) is one of the fastest printing machines available and has a very high resolution. For a higher-end 3D printing model, the Ultimaker S3 (US$4,450, MatterHackers) is a commercial machine with tons of advanced features and versatility.
We hope our review of the best 3D printers for architects has been helpful. For more suppliers of related products and other 3D printing machines, including plastic filaments, 3D laser scanning systems, digital printers, computers, and rulers, consult our additional guides, or visit the Thomas Supplier Discovery Platform.
Sources
- https://www.creat3d.shop/news/creat3d-3d-printing-tips-microns-layer-height-resolution-explained.html
- https://monroeengineering.com/blog/the-3-basic-steps-of-3d-printing/
- https://monroeengineering.com/blog/the-role-slicing-plays-in-3d-printing/
- https://www.wevolver.com/article/nozzle-diameter-and-layer-height-explained
Other Tool Articles
- The Best Hot Glue Guns for Woodworking
- The Best Heated Ice Scrapers
- The Best Soldering Irons
- The Best Staple Guns
- The Best Nail Guns
- The Best Propane Torch
- The Best Powerful Cordless Drills with High Torque, and extended Battery Life
- The Best Walkie Talkies for Adults
- The Best Screwdriver Sets
- The Best Dual Action Polisher
Other Best Product Articles
- The Best Masonry Drill Bits
- The Best Wire Crimper Tool
- The Best Commercial Soft Serve Ice Cream Machine
- The Best Slip Joint Pliers
- The Best Dial Indicators
- The Best Knife Grinder
- The Best Felling Axes
- The Best Lawn Mowers For Hills
- The Best Titanium Hammer
- The Best Exterior Caulk For Brick
- The Best Post Hole Digger/Auger
- The Best Blacksmith Hammer
- The Best Pegboard Hooks and Accessories
- The Best Hoists for Jeep Hardtop
- The Best Workbenches for the Garage
- The Best Planer Jointer Combo
- The Best Degreaser For Heavy Equipment
- The Best Drywall Cutting Tool
- The Best Hearing Protection With Bluetooth
- The Best Outdoor Security Camera Systems
- The Best Headlamps
- The Best Electric Riding Lawn Mowers
- The Best Lawn Mowers For Small Yards
More from Automation & Electronics
Guide to 3D Printing Architectural Models
Despite a move from the drawing board to digital screens, physical architectural models still play a significant role in helping architects visualize blueprints.
3D printing technologies help bridge the gap between digital and physical worlds and empower architects and model makers to create high-precision architectural models quickly and cost-effectively directly from digital drawings.
This guide provides comprehensive information about using 3D printing to produce architectural models, the different 3D printing processes for architecture, and the workflow for creating 3D printed models from architectural computer-aided design (CAD) software.
White Paper
This white paper covers how to make smart modeling decisions, from choosing scale to designing for assembly to post-processing, and how to use these strategies in common software ecosystems.
Download the White Paper
Since the age of the Pharaohs, architectural models have served as physical representations during structures’ development to help sell a project, support fundraising efforts, and solve construction challenges.
Traditionally, model-making is a manual craft that involves working with materials such as wood, ceramic, cardboard, or clay, which can be extremely time-consuming and repetitive. Architecture studios and practices today have access to a wider range of tools, including CNC milling machines, laser cutters, and 3D printers that can reduce labor needs and speed up the workflow.
Modern 3D printing processes provide architects and model makers with the means to revolutionize how models are made. They do this by:
-
Speeding up the architectural model making process.
-
Translating CAD drawing directly into physical 3D models with a high level of precision.
-
Developing intricately designed parts that’d be hard or impossible to produce by hand.
-
Simplify communication and showcase specific areas that would be hard to convey through conventional 2D drawings.
-
Creating more design iterations at reduced production costs.
For example, model makers Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW), founded by the Pritzker Prize laureate architect, use an SLA 3D printer to quickly develop and fabricate accurate models.
“Our models change every day or even every hour. Because the architects change the project very quickly, most of the time, we don't have enough time to do it by hand. Therefore, we have to find a way to do it quicker,” said Francesco Terranova, model maker at RPBW.
3D printers can create models within a few hours and even operate overnight to save time. “The good thing is that we can launch the printer in the night, and when we come back in the morning, we find the model done. This way, we don't lose time during the day,” said Mr. Terranova.
3D printing in architecture is ideal for intricate parts—the trees on this model were 3D printed on a Formlabs SLA 3D printer.
3D printing can be used to produce architectural models of entire buildings, but also in combination with other tools and processes.
RPBW’s model builders may use CNC machining or laser cutting to produce the base parts of their architectural models and a 3D printer to develop more complex or intricate components like stairs, trees, spheres, and curved surfaces, which would be time-consuming to manufacture by hand. For example, the RPBW team 3D printed the complex joints of the columns for the model of the new San-Giorgio motorway bridge in Genoa that has recently replaced the Morandi bridge that collapsed in 2018. This combination of 3D printing alongside traditional manufacturing solutions speeds up the creative process and increases the accuracy levels of architectural models.
One of the main goals of 3D architecture models is to simplify communication between architects and to make it easier to showcase plans to clients. Los Angeles-based design firm Laney LA’s projects are mostly custom homes, so communicating the scale of a home or structure is particularly important. Architect Paul Choi and his team use 3D printing to showcase specific areas of the project that can be more complicated to convey through conventional 2D drawings.
Laney LA’s architects use 3D printing to create models that allow them to view the project from a fresh perspective while simultaneously providing vantage points.
“It's fun to always try to depict a certain idea about the project and isolate that through the model, whether it's a certain room or a space that we want to highlight through a section cut of the model, or even the topography of the site,” Choi said.
RPBW’s model makers use a Form 3 SLA printer to speed up the production of scale models.
When it comes to 3D printing architectural models, not all methods are created equal. It is important to choose the right printing technology for specific use cases.
The most popular 3D printing technologies for architectural models include stereolithography (SLA), fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and binder jetting.
Stereolithography was the world’s first 3D printing technology, invented in the 1980s, and is still one of the most popular technologies for professionals.
SLA resin 3D printers use a laser to cure liquid resin into hardened plastic in a process called photopolymerization.
SLA parts have the highest resolution and accuracy of all plastic 3D printing technologies. SLA parts also offer the smoothest surface finish that is easy to paint.
SLA parts have sharp edges, a smooth surface finish, and minimal visible layer lines that are ideal for highly detailed presentation models. This model was printed on a Form 3 SLA printer.
SLA is a great option for highly detailed presentation models for presenting concepts and ideas to clients or the public.
Thanks to fast-printing materials like Draft Resin, SLA is also the fastest 3D printing process for most parts. While desktop SLA printers offer a more compact build capacity, with large-format SLA 3D printers like the Form 3L, architects and model makers can create truly large-scale models.
Sample part
See and feel Formlabs quality firsthand.
We’ll ship a free sample part to your office.
Request a Free Sample Part
Fused deposition modeling (FDM), also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), is the most widely used form of 3D printing at the consumer level, fueled by the emergence of hobbyist 3D printers. FDM 3D printers build parts by melting and extruding thermoplastic filament, which a printer nozzle deposits layer by layer in the build area.
FDM has the lowest resolution and accuracy from the four 3D printing processes and is not the best option for printing complex designs or parts with intricate features. It is ideal for basic concept design models produced during the initial stages of design as it can create relatively large models fast and at a low cost.
FDM printers struggle with complex designs or parts with intricate features (left), compared to SLA printers (right).
Selective laser sintering is the most common additive manufacturing technology for industrial applications.
SLS 3D printers use a high-powered laser to fuse small particles of polymer powder. The unfused powder supports the part during printing and eliminates the need for dedicated support structures.
SLS printing is ideal for complex geometries, including interior features, undercuts, thin walls, and negative features. Parts produced with SLS printers have excellent mechanical characteristics that make them suitable also for structural parts.
SLS is ideal for complex geometries and intricate details. The details on this model were printed on a Fuse 1 SLS printer.
Binder jetting 3D printing technology is similar to SLS printing but uses a colored binding agent to bond powdered sandstone material instead of heat. Binder jetting printers can produce vivid, full-color 3D architecture models.
Parts produced with binder jetting have a porous surface and are very brittle, which means that this process is recommended only for static applications.
Binder jetting printers can produce vivid, full-color architecture models.
| Stereolithography (SLA) | Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) | Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) | Binder Jetting | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resolution | ★★★★★ | ★★☆☆☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★☆☆ |
| Accuracy | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ |
| Surface finish | ★★★★★ | ★★☆☆☆ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★☆☆ |
| Ease of use | ★★★★★ | ★★★★★ | ★★★★☆ | ★★★★☆ |
| Complex designs | ★★★★☆ | ★★★☆☆ | ★★★★★ | ★★★☆☆ |
| Build volume | Up to 300 x 335 x 200 mm (desktop and benchtop 3D printers) | Up to 300 x 300 x 600 mm (desktop and benchtop 3D printers) | Up to 165 x 165 x 300 mm (benchtop industrial 3D printers) | Up to 254 x 381 x 203 mm (industrial 3D printers) |
| Price range | Professional desktop printers start at $3,500, large-format benchtop printers are available from $11,000. | Budget printers and 3D printer kits start at a few hundred dollars. Higher quality mid-range desktop printers start around $2,000, and industrial systems are available from $15,000. | Benchtop industrial systems start at $18,500, and traditional industrial printers are available from $100,000. | Binder jetting 3D printers are expensive industrial machines, with prices ranging from $30,000 to $100,000+. |
A team from the Institute of Architecture at the Hochschule Mainz - University of Applied Sciences reconstructed the medieval german cities of Worms, Speyer, and Mainz with large-scale 3D printed models.
Most architects today already work in the digital space, using architectural CAD software like BIM (Revit and ArchiCAD), Rhino 3D, or SketchUp to create digital CAD designs. However, these digital files cannot always be used to create the physical scale models directly with 3D printing.
A successful transition from a CAD model to a 3D printable file relies on a baseline understanding of design for 3D printing, how regular modelmaking constraints relate to preparing a file for 3D printing, and how to approach and make smart modeling decisions, from choosing the right scale to designing for assembly to post-processing.
Architectural models are conventionally assembled with a variety of materials and components. 3D printers help fuse these components into as few individual parts as possible, but some assembly is still required for two reasons:
-
The constraints of the build volume: Unless you’re using a large-format 3D printer such as the Form 3L, you might need to divide the model into multiple parts to fit it inside the build volume of the 3D printer.
-
The need to show interior detail or materiality: Certain models require components that come apart to reveal more information about the design.
The size and geometry of different components within an architectural model are key considerations when preparing an architectural model for 3D printing. Generally, large models, models with multiple components, and models with intricate features are split into 3D printable components for assembly. Parts can then be easily joined together through chemical adhesion or mechanical assembly; the high accuracy of the prints with technologies like SLA and SLS ensures that the parts join together seamlessly.
Getting the best results requires applying modeling strategies for assembly, including:
Since each housing unit followed the same design, it made sense to simply print one removable unit that would allow the client to understand the generic unit typology. Model by Stanley Saitowitz | Natoma Architects Inc.
Advancements in CAD technology have drastically simplified the process of developing 3D printable files. Modern CAD platforms have dedicated 3D printing modules to help architects convert a CAD design into a printable model. However, do remember that you are still working at a 1:1 scale–some quick conversions will be required to achieve the correct dimensions at the print scale.
Developing architectural models require some important considerations depending on the CAD platform used. These CAD-specific considerations include:
-
BIM Workflow: Developing 3D printable models with BIM software that leverages parametric modeling such as Autodesk Revit or Graphisoft ArchiCAD requires some component management.
Components such as ductworks, double glazed windows, and HVAC systems do not translate in 3D prints and must be removed, while other parts such as doors, windows, walls, slabs need to be thickened. -
Surface Modeling Workflow: This workflow is often an easier approach, starting from 2D drawings solely with the intention to 3D print. It involves exporting a simplified drawing, scaling it down, and extruding and trimming until there’s an external shell.
Download our white paper for step-by-step workflows in common architectural CAD software ecosystems.
The next step in 3D printing architectural models is transcribing your digital 3D model into a language your 3D printer understands. Accomplishing this requires the use of slicing or print preparation software, such as PreForm. Whether you’re new or experienced, slicing software is generally intuitive to use. The software highlights details such as walls that may require strengthening, unsupported areas, and closed volumes that affect the structure of the 3D print, which can be addressed before printing.
Using the software, you can also optimize settings such as resolution, build platform position, and support structures.
Materials play an important role in conveying the underlying concept of a design. It isn’t always imperative to simulate the exact color and texture of a material, but it can help to distinguish between different materials. Splitting a model by its components makes it possible to display materiality, as parts can be produced with various 3D printing materials, or individually painted with different colors.
This site model was created with laser-cut chipboard. The primary building was 3D printed with both Clear Resin and White Resin. Model by Schwarz Silver Architects.
Post-processing differs depending on your specific 3D printing technology, but generally includes sanding, bonding, and painting models.
Here’s an overview by 3D printing process:
| Post Processing Technique | Stereolithography (SLA) | Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) | Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) | Binder Jetting |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sanding | Light sanding is recommended to remove support marks. | The lower quality of FDM prints means sanding is required to get a smooth finish. | No sanding is required due to the quality of the finished parts. | No sanding is required. |
| Bonding | Bonding of SLA components is done with super glue or liquid resins. | FDM components can be assembled using adhesives such as super glue. | SLA components can be assembled using adhesives such as super glue. | Components printed using binder jetting printers can be bonded using super glue. |
| Priming and painting | SLA components can be painted to achieve the desired finish. | FDM components can be painted to achieve the desired finish. | SLS components can be painted to achieve the desired finish. | No painting is required for full-color parts. |
Professional SLA and SLS 3D printers empower architects with the tools to create accurate and attractive 3D architectural models.
Choose the Form 3 for a compact solution that can fit on a desktop, the Form 3L for high resolution large-format models, and the Fuse 1 for structural parts and the most complex shapes.
See the Form 3See the Form 3LSee the Fuse 1
Download our white paper for an in-depth overview of modeling strategies, step-by-step workflows in common architectural CAD software ecosystems, as well as printing and post-processing recommendations.
Download the White Paper Now
90,000 3D-printing in the architectureSupplier of 3D equipment since 2010
+7 495 646-15-33
3D scanners 3D-printer-printer service an indispensable assistant not only for large companies, but also for small architectural and design studios around the world. Why is 3D printers so popular? The reason is that 3D printing has become a real revolution in the field of building prototyping, design engineering and the creation of new creative objects. nine0003
- Why is it profitable for
- Technologies and materials
- Examples of use
- Select 3D printer
- Why is it beneficial
- Technologies and materials
- Selection 3D-printer
Making architectural models is an important task for any design or architectural office.
The quality of the model of the future project depends on the impression of customers, clients, potential investors. Prototyping by traditional methods is a long, laborious and very expensive process. 3D printing technology can significantly reduce the time needed to make a layout, improve quality, bringing it as close as possible to the original. At the same time, the main part of the design work is carried out on a computer using modern 3D modeling software. nine0003
Advantages of 3D printing of architectural models:
- manufacturing speed - just a few hours of 3D printer work replace 2-3 months of manual labor;
- low production cost - uses a special available material based on VisiJet PXL gypsum;
- finished models do not require coloring, 3D printing completely repeats any shades and colors in the CMYK palette;
- high quality 3D printing: layer thickness from 90 microns, up to 390,000 colors, resolution 600x540 dpi; visual sample.
nine0016
3D printing in architecture - why is it profitable?
Making architectural models is an important task for any design or architectural office. The quality of the model of the future project depends on the impression of customers, clients, potential investors. Prototyping by traditional methods is a long, laborious and very expensive process. 3D printing technology can significantly reduce the time needed to make a layout, improve quality, bringing it as close as possible to the original. At the same time, the main part of the design work is carried out on a computer using modern 3D modeling software. nine0003
Advantages of 3D printing of architectural models:
- manufacturing speed - just a few hours of 3D printer work replace 2-3 months of manual labor;
- low production cost - uses a special available material based on VisiJet PXL gypsum;
- finished models do not require coloring, 3D printing completely repeats any shades and colors in the CMYK palette;
- high quality 3D printing: layer thickness from 90 microns, up to 390,000 colors, resolution 600x540 dpi; visual sample.
nine0016
Technologies and materials
To create full-color architectural models , 3D Systems ProJet x60 series 3D printers are used. They are ideal for making bright, high-precision display models. The ProJet x60 series 3D printers create CJP models from a special gypsum-based composite powder. The main advantages of such systems are high productivity, quality and low cost of materials.
Full Color 3D Printers >>
In addition, large and complex mock-ups often use photoresin 3D printers to produce . With their help, complex highly detailed parts of projects are made, with very small (less than a millimeter) elements. However, such 3D printers are not capable of printing colored objects, and the materials for them are much more expensive than gypsum.
Photopolymer 3D printers >>
Some architects and designers also use ABS 3D printers. This is Opportunity to save on the production of the layout, since the cost of plastic is lower than that of gypsum and photopolymers.
However, it cannot be used to create full-color and highly detailed projects.
Technologies and materials
To create full-color architectural models , 3D Systems ProJet x60 series 3D printers are used. They are ideal for making bright, high-precision display models. The ProJet x60 series 3D printers create CJP models from a special gypsum-based composite powder. The main advantages of such systems are high productivity, quality and low cost of materials. nine0003
Full Color 3D Printers >>
In addition, photoresin 3D printers are often used to produce large and complex layouts. With their help, complex highly detailed parts of projects are made, with very small (less than a millimeter) elements. However, such 3D printers are not capable of printing colored objects, and the materials for them are much more expensive than gypsum.
Photopolymer 3D printers >>
Some architects and designers also use ABS 3D printers.
This is Opportunity to save on the production of the layout, since the cost of plastic is lower than that of gypsum and photopolymers. However, it cannot be used to create full-color and highly detailed projects.
Full color mock-up created with a ProJet 660 Pro 3D printer.
Highly detailed resin building mock-ups.
FDM house models
ProJet 660 Pro 3D printer in full color
Highly detailed resin building models. nine0003
FDM house models
Architecture examples of 3D printers
Ramboll wins tenders with 3D printing
Danish construction giant has been using 3D printers since 2004 to produce high-quality mock-ups for potential clients . This approach provided the company with a quick closing of deals.
Read more >>
Examples of using 3D printers in architecture
Ramboll wins tenders with 3D printing
The Danish construction giant has been using 3D printers since 2004 to produce high-quality mock-ups for demonstration to potential clients.
This approach provided the company with a quick closing of deals.
More >>
Architectural 3D Printer Choice
3D Systems ProJet CJP 660 Pro
Picaso Designer XL series 2
9000 series39013 Designer Picaso 20117
3D Systems ProJet CJP 660 Pro
Picaso Designer XL series 2
Picaso Designer X PRO series 2
- +7 495 646-15-33
2010 –2022, Globatek JSC. All rights reserved.
Privacy policy and personal data processingPrices on the site are for reference only. Not an offer.
3D printer for architect and designer, pros and cons, examples of use
3D technologies are becoming good helpers in various fields. In architecture and design, 3D printers are successfully used mainly to create architectural models.
Illuminated layout
Architectural layouts can be divided into several types:
Layouts can be used for a variety of purposes:
-
Visualization for buyers or to coordinate the project with the client.
Many customers find it much more difficult to perceive a digital layout of a building or interior. 3D printing allows you to quickly and inexpensively produce, for example, a miniature apartment model with a furniture model. The client himself will be able to visually see a variety of interior options and choose the one he likes the most. nine0003
-
Project presentation. A presentation with a beautiful layout looks much more colorful and effective, for example, a building or an entire microdistrict. But making an architectural model in the classical way is a long and painstaking, often manual, work. What if you need multiple layouts? A 3D printer can significantly speed up and reduce the cost of production of a layout.
The cost of the layout depends on several factors - this is the complexity of manufacturing and artistic value. The use of a 3D printer allows you to speed up and significantly simplify the production of complex and simple layouts.
For example, making a layout of modern buildings with non-linear geometry becomes a real headache for layout designers. 3D printing allows you to quickly and accurately reproduce an exact copy of any building, regardless of its geometry. nine0003
Building layout with non-linear geometry
FDM printers for architecture and design
FDM is a technology for layer-by-layer deposition of plastic to obtain a physical model. As a consumable material, a plastic thread is used - a filament.
FDM printers are very popular due to their large working area, printing speed and inexpensive consumables.
The choice of printer model depends on what needs to be produced. Some devices are poorly designed to work with some engineering plastics. nine0003
Pros and cons
pros
Models of 3D printers appeared with an “infinite” printable area along one of the axes. These printers use a conveyor belt instead of a printtable.
Such printers are suitable for mass production.
For the manufacture of simple layouts, you can give preference to models with a single extruder. But if a 3D printer is required to solve a variety of tasks, then models with two extruders and a closed chamber should be preferred. Such devices are universal and can print on almost any material. nine0003
Minuses
Application and printing examples
Model of the city of Astana. Production took 1 month.
Building kit
Prefabricated house model
Layout San Francisco
nine0173 Furniture and interior elements made on a 3D printer
Layout of the floor of the building for the arrangement of furniture
Printer rating
CreatBot D600 Pro
CreatBot D600 Pro
Features:
Print technology: FDM/FFF
Workspace size: 600x600x600
Number of extruders: 2
Max.
extruder temperature: 420 degrees
Closed Camera: Yes
Heated table: Yes
Plastic type: ABS, ABS+, PLA, PLA+, PETG, Flex, Nylon (Nylon), ASA, Carbon, PEEK, Decorative plastics, others
CreatBot D600 Pro is a professional device that has many options that will be useful not only for a beginner, but also for an experienced user. Two extruders with a high heating temperature and a closed chamber allow you to print on all available types of plastics. And automatic table calibration using the BL-Touch sensor eliminates the need to level the table plane. nine0003
Raise3D E2
Raise3D E2
Features:
Print technology: FDM/FFF
Working area size: 330 * 240 * 240 mm - when printing with the 1st extruder
295x240x240 mm - when printing with 2 extruders
Number of extruders: 2
Max. extruder temperature: 300 degrees nine0003
Closed Camera: Yes
Heated table: Yes
Plastic type: ABS, ABS+, PLA, PLA+, PETG, Flex, Nylon (Nylon), ASA, Carbon, Decorative plastics, others
Raise3D E2 is a small device with unusual kinematics.
Raise3D E2 has two independent extruders that allow the printer to work in several modes:
In addition, Raise3D E2 is equipped with a convenient touch screen, automatic table calibration, an assistant for calibrating the height of extruders relative to each other and other nice features that do not affect the final print, but make working with the printer easier and more comfortable. nine0003
Raise3D Pro2 and Pro2 Plus
Raise3D Pro2 left and Pro2 Plus right
Features:
Print technology: FDM/FFF
Stage size: Raise3D Pro2
305x305x300 mm - when printing with the 1st extruder;
280x305x300 mm - when printing with 2 extruders
Raise3D Pro2 Plus 305x305x605 mm - when printing with the 1st extruder; nine0003
280x305x605 mm - when printing with 2 extruders
Number of extruders: 2
Max. extruder temperature: 300 degrees
Closed Camera: Yes
Heated table: Yes
Plastic type: ABS, ABS+, PLA, PLA+, PETG, Flex, Nylon (Nylon), ASA, Carbon, Decorative plastics, others
As you can see from the specifications, the only difference between Raise3D Pro2 and Pro2 Plus is the size of the workspace in height.
Pro2 Plus has twice as much. nine0003
The Raise3D Pro2 series has proven itself in various fields. These are reliable workhorses with a set of all the necessary options for high-quality printing, and the presence of two extruders allows you to make models of any complexity.
PICASO 3D Designer XL Pro
PICASO 3D Designer XL Pro
Characteristics:
Print technology: FDM/FFF
Working area size: 360 x 360 x 610 mm nine0003
Number of extruders: 2
Max. extruder temperature: 410 degrees
Closed Camera: Yes
Heated table: Yes
Plastic type: ABS, ABS+, PLA, PLA+, PETG, Flex, Nylon (Nylon), ASA, Carbon, PEEK, PC, Decorative plastics, others
PICASO 3D Designer XL Pro is a Russian-made professional printer with an enlarged working area. Designer XL Pro is equipped with automatic table calibration, plastic feed control sensor and other nice features. nine0003
Photopolymer printing in architecture and design
The principle of operation of a photopolymer printer is based on the illumination of a special resin using directional UV radiation.
Photopolymer printers can work on one of three technologies:
Photopolymer printers allow you to get a product with an ideal surface. It is not for nothing that LCD, DLP and SLA devices are actively used in the jewelry and dental industries, where accuracy and the ideal surface of the finished model are important. nine0003
Currently, LCD technology has gained particular popularity due to its availability and inexpensive printers.
Pluses and minuses
pros
Minuses
-
After printing, it is necessary to rinse and dry the product in a UV chamber. After printing, it is necessary to wash off excess polymer from the surface of the finished print. For this, isopropyl alcohol is usually used, although resins have now appeared that can be washed with plain water. In order for the photopolymer to gain the declared strength, it must be additionally illuminated under an ultraviolet lamp or in a special box. nine0003
Application and printing examples
Miniature model of building
Model of the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat (St.
Basil's Cathedral)
City map
Miniature "extras" for the model
Printer rating
Prismlab RP400
Prismlab RP400
Features:
Print Technology: DLP/LCD/SLA
Material: Photopolymer resin
Construction area size: 384x216x384 mm
XY positioning accuracy: 100/67/50 microns
Z-axis positioning accuracy: 100/50 microns nine0003
Prismlab RP400 is a professional photopolymer machine with a large printable area. Humidity and temperature sensors in the build chamber allow Prismlab to adjust print settings for the best print quality, while open source software allows the use of third-party photopolymer resins.
Peopoly Phenom XXL
Peopoly Phenom XXL
Characteristics:
Print Technology: DLP/LCD/SLA
LCD display resolution: 3840x2160 (23.
8", 16:9, UHD 4K)
Material: Photopolymer resin
Construction area size: 527x296x550 mm
XY positioning accuracy: 137 µm
The Peopoly Phenom XXL is a large format photopolymer printer with a huge printable area. The improved monochrome LCD matrix allows you to quickly and accurately produce large models or small batches of small products. nine0003
Phrozen Sonic MEGA 8K
Phrozen Sonic MEGA 8K
Features:
Print Technology: DLP/LCD/SLA
LCD resolution: 15" 8K Mono LCD
Material: Photopolymer resin
Build area size: 330 x 185 x 400 mm
XY Positioning Accuracy: 43 µm nine0003
Sonic Mega 8K is the first LCD printer with a matrix resolution of 8k, but the accuracy of printing depends on the resolution of the matrix. Sonic Mega 8K allows you to produce large models with amazing clarity, without “blurring” or smoothing small elements.
Construction printers
Construction printers are just groping for their niche for application, and the technology itself is still far from ideal. But the projects already implemented allow us to imagine a possible future where it will be possible to print entire houses. nine0003
Application and printing examples
Bridge in Shanghai.
In Shanghai, using a construction 3D printer, a whole bridge was printed and installed over a pond in the Baoshan area. The new bridge is 26.3 meters long and 3.6 meters wide.
Bridge in Shanghai
Before making a concrete, full-size model, a reduced copy of the bridge 1: 4 was printed for testing the strength and safety of the structure. 3D printing took 450 hours. A load and deformation monitoring system was installed in the finished bridge. This allows you to explore the properties of printed concrete elements in real time. nine0003
Up close, you can see the concrete layers that appeared due to the peculiarities of printing
Bridge in Amsterdam
In Amsterdam, a printed steel bridge was installed.
It connects the embankments of the Oudesijds Achterburgwal canal. The length of the finished bridge is 12.2 m, the width is 6.3 m, and the weight is 6000 kg.
Bridge in Amsterdam
Sensors were installed in the bridge to track the deformation of the structure and count the number of people passing through it. For the manufacture of a modern "crossing" 4 robots for 6 months layer-by-layer made a construction of stainless wire. nine0003
Bridge manufacturing process
Printed house in Germany
In Germany, builders built an entire house using a 3D construction printer. The house is designed for 5 families, the total area is 380 sq.m.
Almost finished house
In the model of the house, cavities are initially laid for all communications, which the builders will later install. Thus, while the printer is building walls, the workers are solving other tasks.
